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<p>The soil-red bed mudstone mixture (S-RBMM), commonly used in deep-fill subgrades, is highly susceptible to wetting-induced deformation. This study investigates its mechanical response through single-particle immersion tests and large-scale triaxial wetting tests under varying confining pressures and wetting stress levels. Results reveal that red bed mudstone (RBM) exhibits four distinct disintegration stages: water absorption, surface erosion, crack development, and surface spalling. Disintegration severity is classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on changes in particle size distribution. Higher confining pressure increases shear strength but reduces the peak friction angle, while wetting accelerates failure. Strain development includes both loading- and wetting-induced components, which stabilize as stress paths converge. Increased confining pressure and wetting stress amplify particle breakage and fractal characteristics. To model axial strain under wetting, a simplified empirical model with minimal parameters is proposed, achieving high prediction accuracy. Additionally, a statistical damage constitutive model incorporating wetting and particle breakage is developed. These models reduce experimental workload while capturing the essential deformation mechanisms of S-RBMM. The findings provide effective tools for analyzing and mitigating wetting-induced deformation in subgrade engineering, offering practical value for the design and maintenance of infrastructure built with S-RBMM.</p>

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A Simplified Model for Wetting Deformation of Soil–Red Bed Mudstone Mixture: Incorporating Wetting Disintegration and Particle Breakage

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月28日

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  • Yuhao Gao,
  • Zhongping Yang,
  • Shiqi Li,
  • Hongming Li,
  • Zhongshuai Liu,
  • Xinrong Liu,
  • Wenjie Xu

摘要

The soil-red bed mudstone mixture (S-RBMM), commonly used in deep-fill subgrades, is highly susceptible to wetting-induced deformation. This study investigates its mechanical response through single-particle immersion tests and large-scale triaxial wetting tests under varying confining pressures and wetting stress levels. Results reveal that red bed mudstone (RBM) exhibits four distinct disintegration stages: water absorption, surface erosion, crack development, and surface spalling. Disintegration severity is classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on changes in particle size distribution. Higher confining pressure increases shear strength but reduces the peak friction angle, while wetting accelerates failure. Strain development includes both loading- and wetting-induced components, which stabilize as stress paths converge. Increased confining pressure and wetting stress amplify particle breakage and fractal characteristics. To model axial strain under wetting, a simplified empirical model with minimal parameters is proposed, achieving high prediction accuracy. Additionally, a statistical damage constitutive model incorporating wetting and particle breakage is developed. These models reduce experimental workload while capturing the essential deformation mechanisms of S-RBMM. The findings provide effective tools for analyzing and mitigating wetting-induced deformation in subgrade engineering, offering practical value for the design and maintenance of infrastructure built with S-RBMM.