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<p>The abrasive water jet (AWJ) is widely employed in the underground engineering. The contribution of abrasive and water to AWJ breaking rock is still unclear and requires more emphasis especially for different types of rock. In this study, a model of AWJ breaking rock based on the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element method (ALE–FEM) coupling algorithm is established, which encapsulates abrasive materials in independent grid cells to characterize the solid properties of the abrasive. This approach enables a clear distinction between the contributions of the abrasive and the water jet to AWJ breaking rock. Forty-five simulation cases were analyzed, encompassing three rock types: soft rock with a uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of 25&#xa0;MPa, medium-strength rock with UCS of 76&#xa0;MPa, and high-strength rock with UCS of 192&#xa0;MPa. For AWJ breaking of soft rock, the diffusion of water plays a crucial role, whereas abrasive mainly affects the increase of hole depth; For AWJ breaking of medium-strength rock, the synergistic action of water and abrasive plays a major role. The abrasive impact causes rock damage and the damage zone is further broken by the water impact; For AWJ breaking of high-strength rock, the high frequency grinding of abrasive is a critical factor role. As rock strength increases and jet velocity decreases, the efficacy of AWJ breaking rock diminishes progressively, primarily due to the dissipation of kinetic energy of water. For soft rock under 200&#xa0;m/s AWJ to high-strength rock under 40&#xa0;m/s AWJ, the kinetic energy of water utilized in rock breaking is reduced from 57 to 9%, whereas the kinetic energy of abrasive for rock breaking remains at a minimum of 88%. The key of improving energy efficiency of AWJ breaking rock is to improve the acceleration efficiency of abrasive and the effective impact frequency of abrasive on rock. This work investigates the mechanism of AWJ breaking rock, emphasizing both transient and mesoscopic perspectives to guide the parameter optimization of AWJ breaking rock in various application scenarios.</p>

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Influences of Rock Strength on Abrasive Water Jet Breaking Rock Performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月14日

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  • Peng Xu,
  • Mao Sheng,
  • Anas A. Ahmed,
  • Qilong Zhang,
  • Shouceng Tian,
  • Zhongwei Huang

摘要

The abrasive water jet (AWJ) is widely employed in the underground engineering. The contribution of abrasive and water to AWJ breaking rock is still unclear and requires more emphasis especially for different types of rock. In this study, a model of AWJ breaking rock based on the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element method (ALE–FEM) coupling algorithm is established, which encapsulates abrasive materials in independent grid cells to characterize the solid properties of the abrasive. This approach enables a clear distinction between the contributions of the abrasive and the water jet to AWJ breaking rock. Forty-five simulation cases were analyzed, encompassing three rock types: soft rock with a uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of 25 MPa, medium-strength rock with UCS of 76 MPa, and high-strength rock with UCS of 192 MPa. For AWJ breaking of soft rock, the diffusion of water plays a crucial role, whereas abrasive mainly affects the increase of hole depth; For AWJ breaking of medium-strength rock, the synergistic action of water and abrasive plays a major role. The abrasive impact causes rock damage and the damage zone is further broken by the water impact; For AWJ breaking of high-strength rock, the high frequency grinding of abrasive is a critical factor role. As rock strength increases and jet velocity decreases, the efficacy of AWJ breaking rock diminishes progressively, primarily due to the dissipation of kinetic energy of water. For soft rock under 200 m/s AWJ to high-strength rock under 40 m/s AWJ, the kinetic energy of water utilized in rock breaking is reduced from 57 to 9%, whereas the kinetic energy of abrasive for rock breaking remains at a minimum of 88%. The key of improving energy efficiency of AWJ breaking rock is to improve the acceleration efficiency of abrasive and the effective impact frequency of abrasive on rock. This work investigates the mechanism of AWJ breaking rock, emphasizing both transient and mesoscopic perspectives to guide the parameter optimization of AWJ breaking rock in various application scenarios.