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<p>Understanding rockfall movement characteristics is crucial for assessing severity and designing effective control measures. This study investigates these characteristics through laboratory experiments and the three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis (3D DDA) method. A specialized experimental system was developed, incorporating a binocular vision high-speed camera, a spatial coordinate system, and an automatic block release device. The experimental slope consists of marble slabs, and the blocks are made of concrete. Four key factors influencing block movement—block shape, falling height, slope angle, and release mode—were analyzed in an orthogonal experiment. Using average block velocity as a quantitative evaluation index, a range analyses was performed to identify the dominant controlling factors, followed by a regression analysis to establish their relationship with average velocity. Results indicate that the experimental system effectively captures the blocks’ movement characteristics, and the 3D DDA results closely align with experimental findings, demonstrating high accuracy. The factors influencing block movement are ranked as follows: slope angle &gt; falling height &gt; block shape &gt; release mode. The maximum average velocity occurs when the triangular prism block is released vertically from a height of 65&#xa0;cm on a 30° slope, making this combination the most significant. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating laboratory experiments with 3D DDA numerical simulations in accurately characterizing rockfall movement processes, thereby offering valuable insights into rockfall dynamics. </p>

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Laboratory Experiments and 3D DDA Numerical Simulations on Rockfall Movement Characteristics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月6日

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  • Guoyang Liu,
  • Jiashuo Kang,
  • Zhirui Zhong,
  • Wu Bo,
  • Huo Fan,
  • Can Yang

摘要

Understanding rockfall movement characteristics is crucial for assessing severity and designing effective control measures. This study investigates these characteristics through laboratory experiments and the three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis (3D DDA) method. A specialized experimental system was developed, incorporating a binocular vision high-speed camera, a spatial coordinate system, and an automatic block release device. The experimental slope consists of marble slabs, and the blocks are made of concrete. Four key factors influencing block movement—block shape, falling height, slope angle, and release mode—were analyzed in an orthogonal experiment. Using average block velocity as a quantitative evaluation index, a range analyses was performed to identify the dominant controlling factors, followed by a regression analysis to establish their relationship with average velocity. Results indicate that the experimental system effectively captures the blocks’ movement characteristics, and the 3D DDA results closely align with experimental findings, demonstrating high accuracy. The factors influencing block movement are ranked as follows: slope angle > falling height > block shape > release mode. The maximum average velocity occurs when the triangular prism block is released vertically from a height of 65 cm on a 30° slope, making this combination the most significant. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating laboratory experiments with 3D DDA numerical simulations in accurately characterizing rockfall movement processes, thereby offering valuable insights into rockfall dynamics.