<p>Due to the lower elastic modulus and higher filtration coefficient of coal, determining the characteristics of hydraulic fractures is challenging. In this study, an enhanced coalbed methane (CBM) extraction model coupling hydraulic fracturing (HF) and two-phase flow in heterogeneous coal was developed to examine the effects of permeability of hydraulic fractures and fracturing region, as well as fractures propagation on CBM extraction. When the in situ stress difference is large, hydraulic fracture propagates along the direction of the maximum principal stress, resulting in an elliptical fracturing region with its long axis oriented in the direction of the maximum principal stress. When the in situ stress difference is nearly zero, hydraulic fracture propagation is mainly affected by the heterogeneous structure of coal, resulting in a nearly circular fracturing region. The poroelastic effect caused by the superposition of induced stress from water pressure in the borehole and in situ stress reduces the breakdown pressure of hydraulic fracture and increases the area of the fracturing region. In the early stages of HF-enhanced CBM extraction, higher permeability and lower elastic modulus cause rapid decreases in water saturation and intrinsic permeability within hydraulic fractures. Meanwhile, water saturation decreases slowly, and intrinsic permeability gradually increases in cleats. HF-enhanced CBM extraction significantly lowers CBM pressure compared to normal CBM extraction, thereby substantially increasing the effective extraction area. These results provide theoretical guidance for determining the characteristics and influencing factors of hydraulic fractures propagation in heterogeneous coal and assessing the effectiveness of HF-enhanced CBM extraction.</p>