<p>Deep coalbeds are characterized by low permeability, development of natural fractures, and joint systems, which are the key to the formation of complex fracture networks. In this study, true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments and acoustic emission monitoring were utilized to determine the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures in deep coalbeds. The results show that weak structural surfaces significantly influence the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures in deep coalbeds. Most fractures are initiated along laminar surfaces, followed by natural fractures. Using pressure and acoustic emission spatio-temporal dynamic analysis methods, the influence mechanisms of fracturing fluid viscosity, horizontal stress difference, and injection displacement on the formation of fracture networks were further investigated by considering the conditions under which the fracturing fluid enters the natural fractures. It is found that viscous force of fracturing fluid is smaller under low-viscosity and low-displacement injection conditions, and the critical fracture width is also smaller, which can enter into narrower natural fractures and form a complex fracture network; the large displacement increases the critical fracture width and energy, so that the hydraulic fracture passes through the natural fracture directly, which, on the contrary, reduces the transformation effect. Under high-stress difference, the fracture propagation is dominated by stress, single direction, easy to cross the weak structural surface, and simple network; at low-stress difference, it is greatly influenced by the weak structural surface, and easy to form a complex fracture network. On this basis, we have summarized and obtained the fracturing construction recommendations for deep coalbeds.</p>