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Objectives <p>Sleep disorders are considered a risk factor for aging and skeletal degeneration, but their impact on intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess associations between sleep characteristics and IDD, and to identify potential causal relationships.</p> Methods <p>Exposure factors included six unhealthy sleep characteristics: insomnia, short sleep duration (&lt; 7&#xa0;h), long sleep duration (≥ 9&#xa0;h), evening chronotype, daytime sleepiness, and snoring. The primary outcomes included cervical disc degeneration (CDD) and lumbar disc degeneration (LDD). Firstly, we examined the associations between sleep characteristics and IDD risk in 368,348 participants from the UK Biobank using Cox proportional hazards model. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to validate associations found in observational analyses, using genome-wide association data from the UK Biobank and FinnGen consortia.</p> Results <p>During a median follow-up time of 13.8 years, a total of 1,637 cases of CDD and 7,654 cases of LDD were identified. Observational analyses found that almost all unhealthy sleep characteristics were associated with an elevated risk of IDD, except snoring. Conversely, the risk of IDD decreased linearly with an increasing number of healthy sleep characteristics. MR analyses supported a causal association between genetically determined insomnia and increased risk of LDD (OR 1.25 [1.07–1.47]), and between short sleep duration and increased risk of both IDD phenotypes (OR 5.41 [1.95–15.01] for CDD; OR 3.48 [1.76–6.89] for LDD). However, long sleep duration was causally associated with a reduced risk of LDD (OR 0.13 [0.03–0.53]), which contrasts with the observational findings.</p> Conclusion <p>We found associations between multiple sleep characteristics and IDD risk and confirmed that insomnia and short sleep duration increased IDD risk. Although more research is needed to confirm the underlying mechanisms, prioritizing interventions to improve sleep quality and ensure adequate sleep could help mitigate IDD.</p>

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Sleep characteristics and intervertebral disc degeneration risk: an observational and Mendelian randomization study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月27日

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  • Shiyong Zhang,
  • Zixin Liang,
  • Yanlin Zhong,
  • Qingfeng Luo,
  • Danni Wang,
  • Bin Xia,
  • Xudong Wang,
  • Yunze Kang,
  • Zijian Zhou,
  • Puyi Sheng,
  • Jinqiu Yuan,
  • Ziji Zhang,
  • Fuxin Wei

摘要

Objectives

Sleep disorders are considered a risk factor for aging and skeletal degeneration, but their impact on intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess associations between sleep characteristics and IDD, and to identify potential causal relationships.

Methods

Exposure factors included six unhealthy sleep characteristics: insomnia, short sleep duration (< 7 h), long sleep duration (≥ 9 h), evening chronotype, daytime sleepiness, and snoring. The primary outcomes included cervical disc degeneration (CDD) and lumbar disc degeneration (LDD). Firstly, we examined the associations between sleep characteristics and IDD risk in 368,348 participants from the UK Biobank using Cox proportional hazards model. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to validate associations found in observational analyses, using genome-wide association data from the UK Biobank and FinnGen consortia.

Results

During a median follow-up time of 13.8 years, a total of 1,637 cases of CDD and 7,654 cases of LDD were identified. Observational analyses found that almost all unhealthy sleep characteristics were associated with an elevated risk of IDD, except snoring. Conversely, the risk of IDD decreased linearly with an increasing number of healthy sleep characteristics. MR analyses supported a causal association between genetically determined insomnia and increased risk of LDD (OR 1.25 [1.07–1.47]), and between short sleep duration and increased risk of both IDD phenotypes (OR 5.41 [1.95–15.01] for CDD; OR 3.48 [1.76–6.89] for LDD). However, long sleep duration was causally associated with a reduced risk of LDD (OR 0.13 [0.03–0.53]), which contrasts with the observational findings.

Conclusion

We found associations between multiple sleep characteristics and IDD risk and confirmed that insomnia and short sleep duration increased IDD risk. Although more research is needed to confirm the underlying mechanisms, prioritizing interventions to improve sleep quality and ensure adequate sleep could help mitigate IDD.