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<p>Acute liver injury remains a major global health challenge with limited treatment options. Polyphenolic compounds have demonstrated hepatoprotective effects due to their antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. This study investigated the in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo hepatoprotective effects of the polyphenol-rich extract of <i>Illicium verum</i> (PEIV) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver toxicity in rats. In vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging and reducing-power assays. For the in vivo study, thirty-five male Wistar rats were assigned to seven groups (<i>n</i> = 5). Animals were pretreated with PEIV (25, 50 and 100&#xa0;mg/kg) or silymarin (50&#xa0;mg/kg) for 14&#xa0;days, followed by LPS induction (250&#xa0;µg/kg) for five consecutive days. To assess the extent of liver injury, biochemical indices, including oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, and tissue histopathology, were evaluated. Phytochemical analysis confirmed that PEIV is rich in phenolic compounds and demonstrates strong antioxidant capacity. Lipopolysaccharide significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increased serum liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), malondialdehyde, and arginase activity, while reducing bilirubin, albumin, nitric oxide, and endogenous antioxidants. It also elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and caused marked hepatic damage. Pretreatment with PEIV significantly mitigated these effects by regulating biochemical parameters, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and preserving liver architecture. In conclusion, PEIV demonstrates remarkable hepatoprotective activity against LPS-induced liver injury, possibly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These findings suggest its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for liver diseases.</p>

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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenol-rich Illicium verum extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Scholastica O. Anadozie,
  • Adamu Maryam,
  • Theophilus I. Ebe,
  • Olusola B. Adewale

摘要

Acute liver injury remains a major global health challenge with limited treatment options. Polyphenolic compounds have demonstrated hepatoprotective effects due to their antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. This study investigated the in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo hepatoprotective effects of the polyphenol-rich extract of Illicium verum (PEIV) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver toxicity in rats. In vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging and reducing-power assays. For the in vivo study, thirty-five male Wistar rats were assigned to seven groups (n = 5). Animals were pretreated with PEIV (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) or silymarin (50 mg/kg) for 14 days, followed by LPS induction (250 µg/kg) for five consecutive days. To assess the extent of liver injury, biochemical indices, including oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, and tissue histopathology, were evaluated. Phytochemical analysis confirmed that PEIV is rich in phenolic compounds and demonstrates strong antioxidant capacity. Lipopolysaccharide significantly (p < 0.05) increased serum liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), malondialdehyde, and arginase activity, while reducing bilirubin, albumin, nitric oxide, and endogenous antioxidants. It also elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and caused marked hepatic damage. Pretreatment with PEIV significantly mitigated these effects by regulating biochemical parameters, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and preserving liver architecture. In conclusion, PEIV demonstrates remarkable hepatoprotective activity against LPS-induced liver injury, possibly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These findings suggest its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for liver diseases.