Biological alternatives and phytochemicals: a promising solution to combat antimicrobial resistance in Pakistan

The current global pandemic of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a severe and fast-growing threat to the overall health of the Pakistani population, rapidly decreasing the efficacy of critical antimicrobials and supporting the growth of morbidity and mortality. Addressing this predicament requires a multidisciplinary approach, with strong antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) aimed at optimising the prescription and responsible use of antimicrobials. The current review highlights the importance of involving all stakeholders actively, linking them with one another, and building a robust relationship that allows addressing the AMR burden efficiently and protecting future drug efficacy. More importantly, we are turning to new and innovative solutions that would broaden therapeutic options beyond traditional compounds such as combination therapy, immunotherapy, and vaccines. We emphasise the huge potential possessed by phytochemicals and biological alternatives. These natural agents of promise can be used as new antimicrobial agents to complement the current antibiotic activity, as well as a novel mechanism of directly addressing drug resistance. Focusing on ASPs, building strong stakeholder relationships, and adopting international cooperation, Pakistan will be able to adopt evidence-based practice and new biological substitutes to protect the health of its population against the catastrophic effects of AMR.

The main problem, which is quite crucial to the community health in Pakistan, is the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), complicated by the availability of data of cases of the infection to be treated and elevating the health outcomes.