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<p>Non-inflammatory hemagalactia and mastitis in goats often present with similarly discoloured red or pink-tinged milk, leading to frequent misdiagnosis and inappropriate antimicrobial use under field conditions. This technical note describes a simple, field-applicable methodology for the clinical differentiation of mastitis from non-inflammatory haemagalactia in goats. The protocol involves sequential assessment, including whole blood clotting time, gross examination of the milk, udder, and animal, milk pH measurement, evaluation of the layering pattern of milk after centrifugation, milk sediment microscopy and cytology, followed by microbiological culture and sensitivity test of milk to confirm bacterial involvement. This methodology was applied to five clinical cases as a proof-of-concept clinical demonstration and effectively distinguished between: (a) normal milk, (b) non-inflammatory hemagalactia, (c) non-hemorrhagic staphylococcal mastitis, (d) hemorrhagic coliform mastitis, and (e) hemolytic/tissue necrotic staphylococcal mastitis. This approach enabled the clinician to make early treatment decisions based on clinical and laboratory indicators prior to microbiological confirmation which typically requires 48–72&#xa0;h. The hemagalactia case responded well clinically to intramammary hemostatic therapy without the need for antibiotics, unlike the infectious mastitis cases. Adoption of this methodology may reduce unnecessary antimicrobial use and promote responsible antimicrobial stewardship in small ruminant practice.</p>

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Methodology for the clinical differentiation of non-inflammatory hemagalactia from mastitis in goats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Maliyekkal Shaju Mariya,
  • Paul Sachu,
  • Y. Ajith,
  • George Amal,
  • Surya Sankar,
  • P. Preena

摘要

Non-inflammatory hemagalactia and mastitis in goats often present with similarly discoloured red or pink-tinged milk, leading to frequent misdiagnosis and inappropriate antimicrobial use under field conditions. This technical note describes a simple, field-applicable methodology for the clinical differentiation of mastitis from non-inflammatory haemagalactia in goats. The protocol involves sequential assessment, including whole blood clotting time, gross examination of the milk, udder, and animal, milk pH measurement, evaluation of the layering pattern of milk after centrifugation, milk sediment microscopy and cytology, followed by microbiological culture and sensitivity test of milk to confirm bacterial involvement. This methodology was applied to five clinical cases as a proof-of-concept clinical demonstration and effectively distinguished between: (a) normal milk, (b) non-inflammatory hemagalactia, (c) non-hemorrhagic staphylococcal mastitis, (d) hemorrhagic coliform mastitis, and (e) hemolytic/tissue necrotic staphylococcal mastitis. This approach enabled the clinician to make early treatment decisions based on clinical and laboratory indicators prior to microbiological confirmation which typically requires 48–72 h. The hemagalactia case responded well clinically to intramammary hemostatic therapy without the need for antibiotics, unlike the infectious mastitis cases. Adoption of this methodology may reduce unnecessary antimicrobial use and promote responsible antimicrobial stewardship in small ruminant practice.