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<p>Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the commonest type of malignancy in the urinary system. The programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression plays a key role in tumor immune evasion and could impact prognosis and treatment response, mainly to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This study was designed to assess PD-L1 expression using the Combined Positive Score (CPS) in UC cases from Basrah city and analyze its association with tumor grade, invasiveness, histological type, gender, and age. Fifty&#xa0;cases of UC were involved in this retrospective study. PD-L1 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and quantified by CPS. The tumors were classified by histological grade (low or high), type (squamous or papillary), and invasiveness (invasive or noninvasive). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software. PD-L1 expression (CPS &gt; 0) was found in 30% of cases, and it was strongly associated with tumor grade and invasiveness (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with higher-grade tumors and muscle-invasive tumors showing elevated levels of expression. These findings confirmed a significant association between PD-L1 expression in relation to tumor grade in UC, indicating its potential role as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in high-grade tumors. Further studies on larger cohorts and clinical follow-up are recommended.</p>

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Association of programmed death ligand 1 expression with urothelial carcinoma grade- A retrospective study in Basrah city

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Zainab Abdulkareem Maktoof,
  • Oula Fouad Hameed,
  • Hanaa Ali Hussein

摘要

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the commonest type of malignancy in the urinary system. The programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression plays a key role in tumor immune evasion and could impact prognosis and treatment response, mainly to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This study was designed to assess PD-L1 expression using the Combined Positive Score (CPS) in UC cases from Basrah city and analyze its association with tumor grade, invasiveness, histological type, gender, and age. Fifty cases of UC were involved in this retrospective study. PD-L1 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and quantified by CPS. The tumors were classified by histological grade (low or high), type (squamous or papillary), and invasiveness (invasive or noninvasive). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software. PD-L1 expression (CPS > 0) was found in 30% of cases, and it was strongly associated with tumor grade and invasiveness (p < 0.001), with higher-grade tumors and muscle-invasive tumors showing elevated levels of expression. These findings confirmed a significant association between PD-L1 expression in relation to tumor grade in UC, indicating its potential role as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in high-grade tumors. Further studies on larger cohorts and clinical follow-up are recommended.