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<p>COVID-19, induced by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in significant global morbidity and mortality, with results differing according to illness severity, age, and concomitant conditions. Alterations in laboratory parameters such as haematological, coagulation, inflammatory, and metabolic factors are essential for prognostic prediction and therapeutic direction; however, region-specific data from Iraq are limited. This study evaluated haematological, coagulation, inflammatory, and biochemical data in hospitalised Iraqi COVID-19 patients to discover indicators associated with disease severity and mortality. A cross-sectional study involving 200 PCR-confirmed adult patients (≥ 30 years; 123 men, 77 females; aged 30–90) was conducted from September to December 2020 at hospitals in Halabja, Iraq. Patients were categorised based on survival, severity, comorbidities, and age. Admission and follow-up venous blood samples (7 mL) assessed complete blood counts (CBC), coagulation parameters (PT, aPTT, INR, D-dimer), inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR, ferritin), biochemical indicators (ALT, AST, LDH, urea, creatinine), and electrolytes using automated analysers. Means were computed; <i>t</i>-tests and ANOVA assessed differences (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05; SPSS v26). Non-survivors and severe cases demonstrated leukocytosis (WBC 12 ± 4.6 vs. 8.2 ± 3.4 × 10^9/L), monocytosis (0.6 ± 0.4 vs. 0.4 ± 0.2 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L), lymphopenia/thrombocytopenia, extended PT/INR, and raised D-dimer (3.4 ± 1.3 vs. 0.9 ± 2.6 µg/mL), CRP (137.8 ± 54.2 vs. 70.9 ± 83.8 mg/L), LDH, and urea/creatinine (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Comorbidities in elderly patients exhibited exacerbated alterations. Increased levels of WBC/monocytes, coagulation/inflammatory markers, and signs of organ failure are strong predictors of COVID-19 severity and mortality, facilitating risk categorisation in resource-constrained environments.</p>

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Laboratory and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • Ali Hasan Ali,
  • Amjad Mahmood Qadir,
  • Zohreh Rahimi,
  • Rebaz Anwer Omer,
  • Ebrahim Shakiba,
  • Qaraman Salih Mahmood,
  • Azad Mustafa Qadir

摘要

COVID-19, induced by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in significant global morbidity and mortality, with results differing according to illness severity, age, and concomitant conditions. Alterations in laboratory parameters such as haematological, coagulation, inflammatory, and metabolic factors are essential for prognostic prediction and therapeutic direction; however, region-specific data from Iraq are limited. This study evaluated haematological, coagulation, inflammatory, and biochemical data in hospitalised Iraqi COVID-19 patients to discover indicators associated with disease severity and mortality. A cross-sectional study involving 200 PCR-confirmed adult patients (≥ 30 years; 123 men, 77 females; aged 30–90) was conducted from September to December 2020 at hospitals in Halabja, Iraq. Patients were categorised based on survival, severity, comorbidities, and age. Admission and follow-up venous blood samples (7 mL) assessed complete blood counts (CBC), coagulation parameters (PT, aPTT, INR, D-dimer), inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR, ferritin), biochemical indicators (ALT, AST, LDH, urea, creatinine), and electrolytes using automated analysers. Means were computed; t-tests and ANOVA assessed differences (p < 0.05; SPSS v26). Non-survivors and severe cases demonstrated leukocytosis (WBC 12 ± 4.6 vs. 8.2 ± 3.4 × 10^9/L), monocytosis (0.6 ± 0.4 vs. 0.4 ± 0.2 × 109/L), lymphopenia/thrombocytopenia, extended PT/INR, and raised D-dimer (3.4 ± 1.3 vs. 0.9 ± 2.6 µg/mL), CRP (137.8 ± 54.2 vs. 70.9 ± 83.8 mg/L), LDH, and urea/creatinine (all p < 0.05). Comorbidities in elderly patients exhibited exacerbated alterations. Increased levels of WBC/monocytes, coagulation/inflammatory markers, and signs of organ failure are strong predictors of COVID-19 severity and mortality, facilitating risk categorisation in resource-constrained environments.