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<p><i>Harrisia adscendens</i> is used in folk medicine to treat inflammation, toothache, and as a diuretic. However, studies on its safety are still scarce. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile, acute and subacute toxicity, and genotoxicity of a hydroethanolic extract of <i>H.</i> <i>adscendens</i> cladodes. To obtain the extract, a factorial design was developed by varying the extraction method and proportion of plant drug. Phytochemical analysis was performed by LC-ESI-MS. Acute toxicity (2000&#xa0;mg/kg) was evaluated in mice, monitoring mortality and hematological and biochemical parameters. Acute genotoxicity (2000&#xa0;mg/kg) was evaluated in vivo by comet and micronucleus assays. Subacute toxicity (250, 500, and 1000&#xa0;mg/kg) was evaluated in male and female mice for 28&#xa0;days, with evaluation of behavioral, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters. The factorial design indicated better efficiency using 10% (w/v) of drug, 1:1 ethanol to water, and the turbolysis method. LC-ESI-MS identified eight compounds, including acetophenones, hydroxycinnamic acid, phenolic acid derivatives, and a flavonoid. There was no mortality or behavioral changes in the group treated with extract in a single dose. Acute genotoxicity was also not detected. Treatment for 28&#xa0;days did not promote significant changes in weight gain, food and water consumption, or biochemical parameters. However, a reduction in total leukocyte count was observed in females. Histopathological analysis showed no changes in internal organs. The hydroethanolic extract of <i>H.</i> <i>adscendens</i> cladode rich in polyphenols was obtained without toxicity or genotoxicity to mice. However, it induced leukopenia in females, warranting further studies on its immunomodulatory potential and chronic toxicity.</p>

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Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity and genotoxicity of a hydroethanolic extract of cladodes of Harrisia adscendens (Gürke) Britton & Rose

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月27日

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  • Anderson Felipe Soares de Freitas,
  • Claudia Bernadete de Souza Lira,
  • Wêndeo Kennedy Costa,
  • Suéllen Pedrosa da Silva,
  • Matheus Cavalcanti de Barros,
  • Janaina Carla Barbosa Machado,
  • Natanael Teles Ramos de Lima,
  • José Maria Barbosa Filho,
  • Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia,
  • Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva,
  • Magda Rhayanny Assunção Ferreira,
  • Luiz Alberto Lira Soares,
  • Alisson Macário de Oliveira,
  • Thiago Henrique Napoleão

摘要

Harrisia adscendens is used in folk medicine to treat inflammation, toothache, and as a diuretic. However, studies on its safety are still scarce. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile, acute and subacute toxicity, and genotoxicity of a hydroethanolic extract of H. adscendens cladodes. To obtain the extract, a factorial design was developed by varying the extraction method and proportion of plant drug. Phytochemical analysis was performed by LC-ESI-MS. Acute toxicity (2000 mg/kg) was evaluated in mice, monitoring mortality and hematological and biochemical parameters. Acute genotoxicity (2000 mg/kg) was evaluated in vivo by comet and micronucleus assays. Subacute toxicity (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) was evaluated in male and female mice for 28 days, with evaluation of behavioral, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters. The factorial design indicated better efficiency using 10% (w/v) of drug, 1:1 ethanol to water, and the turbolysis method. LC-ESI-MS identified eight compounds, including acetophenones, hydroxycinnamic acid, phenolic acid derivatives, and a flavonoid. There was no mortality or behavioral changes in the group treated with extract in a single dose. Acute genotoxicity was also not detected. Treatment for 28 days did not promote significant changes in weight gain, food and water consumption, or biochemical parameters. However, a reduction in total leukocyte count was observed in females. Histopathological analysis showed no changes in internal organs. The hydroethanolic extract of H. adscendens cladode rich in polyphenols was obtained without toxicity or genotoxicity to mice. However, it induced leukopenia in females, warranting further studies on its immunomodulatory potential and chronic toxicity.