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<p>In recent time, liver disorders have been a common cause of death in dogs and there have been speculations about its association with aflatoxins. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors and clinic-pathological changes of ascites in suspected hepatic aflatoxicosis associated with ascites in dogs and possibly identify rapid indicators for early diagnosis and intervention. Twenty-nine (29) dogs were selected for this study. They were grouped into 2 categories; diseased (<i>n</i> = 19) and healthy dogs (<i>n</i> = 10). Signalment of all the dogs were recorded, blood and serum samples were collected for complete blood count and serum chemistry respectively. Necropsy was conducted on non-survivor dogs and histopathological evaluation of liver tissues done. Enzyme Linked Immune-Sorbent Assay (indirect ELISA) was conducted on the dogs feed samples to determine aflatoxin B1 levels. The occurrences of hepatic aflatoxicosis in the dogs sampled were middle-aged dogs (63%), puppies (26%) and adults (10%). It was more prevalent in Boerboel (42%), Alsatian (26%), Caucasian (16%), Saint-bernard (5%), Pitbull (5%) and Rottweiler (5%). The clinical signs observed were ascites (84%), anorexia (63%), emaciation (21%), melena (21%), haematochezia (16%), vomiting (16%), diarrhea (16%), hemoptysis (11%). The erythrocyte morphological abnormalities in affected dogs were anisocytosis and poikilocytosis. The total protein, fibrinogen, serum protein, albumin and globulins were significantly lower in diseased dogs, which also had significantly increased serum ALT and ALP values. The ascitic fluid was mostly modified transudate. The common gross pathology of the liver included hepatic nodules (60%) and fatty liver (40%). The histopathological changes observed in the liver are disruption of hepatic cords (100%), hepatic steatosis (100%), bridging fibrosis (80%), mononuclear cellular infiltration (60%), regenerative nodules (60%), and megalocytosis (80%). Aflatoxin B1 level was 24-105&#xa0;ppb in the feed samples. Rapid clinicopathological indicators for early diagnosis and consideration of aflatoxicosis in dogs as deduced from this study include poikilocytosis (mostly acanthocytes), panhypoproteinemia, elevation of liver enzymes, and modified transudate ascitic fluid.</p>

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Incidence, associated factors and clinico-pathological changes in hepatic aflatoxicosis associated with ascites in dogs

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月7日

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  • Abdulrauf Adekunle Usman,
  • Theophilus Aghogho Jarikre,
  • Bamidele Nyemike Ogunro,
  • Ohore Obokparo Godspower,
  • Olalekan T. Jeremiah,
  • Benjamin Obukuwho Emikpe

摘要

In recent time, liver disorders have been a common cause of death in dogs and there have been speculations about its association with aflatoxins. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors and clinic-pathological changes of ascites in suspected hepatic aflatoxicosis associated with ascites in dogs and possibly identify rapid indicators for early diagnosis and intervention. Twenty-nine (29) dogs were selected for this study. They were grouped into 2 categories; diseased (n = 19) and healthy dogs (n = 10). Signalment of all the dogs were recorded, blood and serum samples were collected for complete blood count and serum chemistry respectively. Necropsy was conducted on non-survivor dogs and histopathological evaluation of liver tissues done. Enzyme Linked Immune-Sorbent Assay (indirect ELISA) was conducted on the dogs feed samples to determine aflatoxin B1 levels. The occurrences of hepatic aflatoxicosis in the dogs sampled were middle-aged dogs (63%), puppies (26%) and adults (10%). It was more prevalent in Boerboel (42%), Alsatian (26%), Caucasian (16%), Saint-bernard (5%), Pitbull (5%) and Rottweiler (5%). The clinical signs observed were ascites (84%), anorexia (63%), emaciation (21%), melena (21%), haematochezia (16%), vomiting (16%), diarrhea (16%), hemoptysis (11%). The erythrocyte morphological abnormalities in affected dogs were anisocytosis and poikilocytosis. The total protein, fibrinogen, serum protein, albumin and globulins were significantly lower in diseased dogs, which also had significantly increased serum ALT and ALP values. The ascitic fluid was mostly modified transudate. The common gross pathology of the liver included hepatic nodules (60%) and fatty liver (40%). The histopathological changes observed in the liver are disruption of hepatic cords (100%), hepatic steatosis (100%), bridging fibrosis (80%), mononuclear cellular infiltration (60%), regenerative nodules (60%), and megalocytosis (80%). Aflatoxin B1 level was 24-105 ppb in the feed samples. Rapid clinicopathological indicators for early diagnosis and consideration of aflatoxicosis in dogs as deduced from this study include poikilocytosis (mostly acanthocytes), panhypoproteinemia, elevation of liver enzymes, and modified transudate ascitic fluid.