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<p>Background: Environmental neurotoxins, such as lead, are widely recognized for their role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, which are marked by progressive neuronal loss, cognitive decline and behavioural abnormalities. Given the ongoing global concern regarding lead toxicity, identifying potential protective agents is crucial. <i>Cyperus esculentus</i> Linn (tiger nut), is rich in antioxidants and bioactive compounds, which could offer a potential countermeasure to neurotoxicity. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of <i>Cyperus esculentus</i> Linn filtrate (CEF) against lead-induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Methods: A total of six experimental groups (n = 6 rats/group) were exposed to different treatments: Group 1 (control, water 10&#xa0;ml/kg), Group 2 (lead exposure, 40&#xa0;mg/kg), Group 3 (CEF 5&#xa0;ml/kg + lead), Group 4 (CEF 10&#xa0;ml/kg + lead), Group 5 (CEF 20&#xa0;ml/kg + lead), and Group 6 (vitamin C 20&#xa0;mg/kg + lead). The rats were treated for a specified period, Behavioural assessments, such as the Open Field, Elevated Plus Maze, Hanging Wire, and Y-maze tests, were conducted to evaluate cognitive and motor functions. Concurrently, biochemical assays measured oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant enzyme activities in brain tissue and histopathological analysis was conducted, focusing on the cerebellum's Purkinje cells, which are known to be a primary target of lead toxicity. Results: Results indicated that lead exposure significantly impaired locomotion, heightened anxiety-like behaviour, and disrupted motor coordination. Conversely, CEF treatment ameliorated these behavioural deficits and conferred biochemical protection by reducing lipid peroxidation, enhancing endogenous antioxidant defences (glutathione and superoxide dismutase), and attenuating pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6). Histological examination revealed that CEF treatment significantly reduced lead-induced neuronal damage, with improved cellular structure and reduced degeneration in the Purkinje cells, compared to the lead-only group. The neuroprotective effects of CEF were dose-dependent, showing the highest efficacy at 20&#xa0;ml/kg. Conclusion: <i>Cyperus esculentus</i> Linn filtrate (CEF) demonstrates significant neuroprotective effects against lead-induced neurodegeneration, suggesting that it could be a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating the toxic effects of environmental neurotoxins like lead.</p>

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Protective role of cyperus esculentus linn filtrate (cef) against lead acetate-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory markers and behavioural alterations in wistar rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月26日

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  • Sonia Odemerho Ojakovo,
  • Olawale Olawumi Ola,
  • Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe,
  • Mutiu Yombo Ajao,
  • Jacob Olubunmi Olayemi,
  • Omowumi Femi-Akinlosotu,
  • Derrick Adu Asare,
  • Adewale Ganiyu Bakre

摘要

Background: Environmental neurotoxins, such as lead, are widely recognized for their role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, which are marked by progressive neuronal loss, cognitive decline and behavioural abnormalities. Given the ongoing global concern regarding lead toxicity, identifying potential protective agents is crucial. Cyperus esculentus Linn (tiger nut), is rich in antioxidants and bioactive compounds, which could offer a potential countermeasure to neurotoxicity. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of Cyperus esculentus Linn filtrate (CEF) against lead-induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Methods: A total of six experimental groups (n = 6 rats/group) were exposed to different treatments: Group 1 (control, water 10 ml/kg), Group 2 (lead exposure, 40 mg/kg), Group 3 (CEF 5 ml/kg + lead), Group 4 (CEF 10 ml/kg + lead), Group 5 (CEF 20 ml/kg + lead), and Group 6 (vitamin C 20 mg/kg + lead). The rats were treated for a specified period, Behavioural assessments, such as the Open Field, Elevated Plus Maze, Hanging Wire, and Y-maze tests, were conducted to evaluate cognitive and motor functions. Concurrently, biochemical assays measured oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant enzyme activities in brain tissue and histopathological analysis was conducted, focusing on the cerebellum's Purkinje cells, which are known to be a primary target of lead toxicity. Results: Results indicated that lead exposure significantly impaired locomotion, heightened anxiety-like behaviour, and disrupted motor coordination. Conversely, CEF treatment ameliorated these behavioural deficits and conferred biochemical protection by reducing lipid peroxidation, enhancing endogenous antioxidant defences (glutathione and superoxide dismutase), and attenuating pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6). Histological examination revealed that CEF treatment significantly reduced lead-induced neuronal damage, with improved cellular structure and reduced degeneration in the Purkinje cells, compared to the lead-only group. The neuroprotective effects of CEF were dose-dependent, showing the highest efficacy at 20 ml/kg. Conclusion: Cyperus esculentus Linn filtrate (CEF) demonstrates significant neuroprotective effects against lead-induced neurodegeneration, suggesting that it could be a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating the toxic effects of environmental neurotoxins like lead.