Effects of troxerutin on pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions during different stages of the estrus cycle in female rats

Catamenial seizures, a variant of epilepsy affecting women, manifest as a consequence of hormonal imbalances deuring the menstrual cycle. The objective of this investigation was to examine the impact of troxerutin on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) during the estrus cycle in rats. A total of 30 female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control, valproic acid (75 mg/kg), and troxerutin (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) with four subgroups (proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus). Subsequently, an intraperitoneal injection of troxerutin was administered, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of PTZ (80 mg/kg) in both the control and treatment groups. The initiation time of myoclonic seizures (ITMS), initiation time of tonic–clonic seizures (ITTS), and seizure duration (SD) were then determined. According to the findings, troxerutin (100 and 150 mg/kg) significantly increased ITTS and ITMS during various phases of the estrous cycle when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Seizure duration notably decreased with the use of troxerutin (100 and 150 mg/kg) compared to the control (P < 0.05). Troxerutin at doses of 100 and 150 mg/kg exhibited a statistically significant enhancement in the initiation of ITTS and ITMS during the metestrus and diestrus stages when compared to the proestrus and estrus phases (P < 0.05). The outcomes of this study put forth the notion that troxerutin possesses anticonvulsant properties in the PTZ-induced seizure model in rats, with a more pronounced effect observed during the luteal phase as opposed to the follicular phase.