<p>We study the behavior, as <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_473_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="60" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p\rightarrow \infty ,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of solutions to the Dirichlet problem <Equation ID="Equ52"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_473_Article_Equ52.gif" Format="GIF" Height="74" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="378" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Delta _{p}u=u^{q(p)-1}+\mu _{p}u^{a(p)-1}\left| \nabla u\right| ^{r(p)-a(p)} &amp; \quad \text {in}\ \Omega \\ u&gt;0 &amp; \quad \text {in}\ \Omega \\ u=0 &amp; \quad \text {on} \ \partial \Omega . \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mfenced close="|" open="|"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> </mfenced> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>on</mtext> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>We assume that <i>q</i>(<i>p</i>),&#xa0; <i>a</i>(<i>p</i>) and <i>r</i>(<i>p</i>) are continuous functions of <i>p</i> satisfying <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_473_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="241" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1\le q(p)&lt;p\text { and }1\le a(p)\le r(p)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>and</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for every <i>p</i> sufficiently large, and such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_473_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="237" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0&lt;Q&lt;1\text { and }0\le A\le R&lt;\infty ,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>and</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mn>0</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> where <Equation ID="Equ53"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_473_Article_Equ53.gif" Format="GIF" Height="42" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="373" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} Q:=\lim _{p\rightarrow \infty }\frac{q(p)}{p},~~A:=\lim _{p\rightarrow \infty }\frac{a(p)}{p}\text { and }R:=\lim _{p\rightarrow \infty }\frac{r(p)}{p}. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true">lim</mo> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>A</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true">lim</mo> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>and</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi>R</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true">lim</mo> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>As for the parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_473_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu _{p}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> we assume that <Equation ID="Equ54"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_473_Article_Equ54.gif" Format="GIF" Height="41" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="235" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} 0&lt;\Lambda :=\lim _{p\rightarrow \infty }(\mu _{p})^{1/p}&lt;\Lambda _{\infty } ^{A+\frac{Q(R-1)}{1-Q}} \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true">lim</mo> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&lt;</mo> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> <mrow> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>Q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>Q</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_473_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="102" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Lambda _{\infty }:=\left\| d_{\Omega }\right\| _{\infty }^{-1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mfenced close="∥" open="∥"> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> </mfenced> <mrow> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_473_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d_{\Omega }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denotes the distance function to the boundary of <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_473_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega .\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation></p>

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Limits as \(p\rightarrow \infty \) of Solutions to p-Laplacian Problems Perturbed with a Convective Term

  • Grey Ercole

摘要

We study the behavior, as \(p\rightarrow \infty ,\) p , of solutions to the Dirichlet problem \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Delta _{p}u=u^{q(p)-1}+\mu _{p}u^{a(p)-1}\left| \nabla u\right| ^{r(p)-a(p)} & \quad \text {in}\ \Omega \\ u>0 & \quad \text {in}\ \Omega \\ u=0 & \quad \text {on} \ \partial \Omega . \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\) - Δ p u = u q ( p ) - 1 + μ p u a ( p ) - 1 u r ( p ) - a ( p ) in Ω u > 0 in Ω u = 0 on Ω . We assume that q(p),  a(p) and r(p) are continuous functions of p satisfying \(1\le q(p)<p\text { and }1\le a(p)\le r(p)\) 1 q ( p ) < p and 1 a ( p ) r ( p ) for every p sufficiently large, and such that \(0<Q<1\text { and }0\le A\le R<\infty ,\) 0 < Q < 1 and 0 A R < , where \(\begin{aligned} Q:=\lim _{p\rightarrow \infty }\frac{q(p)}{p},~~A:=\lim _{p\rightarrow \infty }\frac{a(p)}{p}\text { and }R:=\lim _{p\rightarrow \infty }\frac{r(p)}{p}. \end{aligned}\) Q : = lim p q ( p ) p , A : = lim p a ( p ) p and R : = lim p r ( p ) p . As for the parameter \(\mu _{p}\) μ p we assume that \(\begin{aligned} 0<\Lambda :=\lim _{p\rightarrow \infty }(\mu _{p})^{1/p}<\Lambda _{\infty } ^{A+\frac{Q(R-1)}{1-Q}} \end{aligned}\) 0 < Λ : = lim p ( μ p ) 1 / p < Λ A + Q ( R - 1 ) 1 - Q where \(\Lambda _{\infty }:=\left\| d_{\Omega }\right\| _{\infty }^{-1}\) Λ : = d Ω - 1 and \(d_{\Omega }\) d Ω denotes the distance function to the boundary of \(\Omega .\) Ω .