<p>In this paper, we investigate the existence of positive solutions to the problem <Equation ID="Equ1"> <EquationNumber>P</EquationNumber> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_468_Article_Equ1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="65" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="357" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{lcl} -\Delta u=u^{q}\left( \lambda +\displaystyle {\int _{\Omega }K(x,y)f(u)dy}\right) ,\quad \text{ in } \quad \Omega \\ u=0, \quad \text{ on } \quad \partial \Omega \\ \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>q</mi> </msup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <mi>K</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mfenced> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>on</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_468_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^N\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_468_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N\ge 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, is a bounded domain with smooth boundary, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_468_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="67" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q\in (0,1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_468_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda \in {\mathbb {R}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_468_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="107" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f:[0,\infty )\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_468_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="112" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(K:\Omega \times \Omega \rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are nonnegative functions with <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_468_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="118" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(K\in L^{\infty }(\Omega \times \Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and verifying other conditions that will be detailed below. Problems like (<i>P</i>) appear quite often in some models related to population dynamics, such that the integral nonlocal term on the right-hand side makes the problem closer to a real-world situation.</p>

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On a Class of Nonlinear Problems with Nonlocal Reaction Term via Topological Methods

  • Ronaldo Duarte,
  • Romildo Lima,
  • Marco Souto

摘要

In this paper, we investigate the existence of positive solutions to the problem P \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{lcl} -\Delta u=u^{q}\left( \lambda +\displaystyle {\int _{\Omega }K(x,y)f(u)dy}\right) ,\quad \text{ in } \quad \Omega \\ u=0, \quad \text{ on } \quad \partial \Omega \\ \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}\) - Δ u = u q λ + Ω K ( x , y ) f ( u ) d y , in Ω u = 0 , on Ω where \(\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^N\) Ω R N , \(N\ge 1\) N 1 , is a bounded domain with smooth boundary, \(q\in (0,1)\) q ( 0 , 1 ) , \(\lambda \in {\mathbb {R}}\) λ R and \(f:[0,\infty )\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}\) f : [ 0 , ) R , \(K:\Omega \times \Omega \rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}\) K : Ω × Ω R are nonnegative functions with \(K\in L^{\infty }(\Omega \times \Omega )\) K L ( Ω × Ω ) and verifying other conditions that will be detailed below. Problems like (P) appear quite often in some models related to population dynamics, such that the integral nonlocal term on the right-hand side makes the problem closer to a real-world situation.