<p>Given a smooth partial action <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_441_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of a Lie groupoid <i>G</i> on a smooth manifold <i>M</i>,&#xa0; we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_441_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to be globalizable with smooth globalization. As an application, we provide results on the differentiable structure of orbit and stabilizer spaces induced by <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_441_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha ,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> which leads to other criteria for its globalization in terms of its orbit maps in the case that <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_441_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is free and transitive. Further, under the assumption that <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_441_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is free and proper, we prove that there exists exactly one differentiable structure on the quotient structure of the orbit equivalence space <i>M</i>/<i>G</i> such that the quotient map <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="574_2025_441_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="112" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pi :M\rightarrow M/G\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>π</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mi>G</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a submersion.</p>

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Partial Groupoid Actions on Smooth Manifolds

  • Víctor Marín,
  • Héctor Pinedo,
  • José L. Vilca Rodríguez

摘要

Given a smooth partial action \(\alpha \) α of a Lie groupoid G on a smooth manifold M,  we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for \(\alpha \) α to be globalizable with smooth globalization. As an application, we provide results on the differentiable structure of orbit and stabilizer spaces induced by \(\alpha ,\) α , which leads to other criteria for its globalization in terms of its orbit maps in the case that \(\alpha \) α is free and transitive. Further, under the assumption that \(\alpha \) α is free and proper, we prove that there exists exactly one differentiable structure on the quotient structure of the orbit equivalence space M/G such that the quotient map \(\pi :M\rightarrow M/G\) π : M M / G is a submersion.