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<p>The development of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) has provoked attention in multiple research groups owing to the advancements in various sensing phenomena like gas, chemical, temperature, refractive index, bio-sample detection etc., Due to the controlled interplay between the detecting samples and confined light, PCF enables the success of innovative sensing applications. Various sensing methods to develop chemical sensors for the detection of liquid analytes are outlined here. Over the past few years, numerous geometric formations were put forth using PCFs by several empirics to refine the relative sensitivity (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\mathbf{R}}_{\mathbf{S}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), minimize the confinement loss (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{L}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), and expand the effective area (EA) at an allowable level. Distinct geometrical shapes such as rectangular, circular, octagonal, decagonal, elliptical, hybrid, hexagonal, etc., were proposed for finer sensing properties. Although some works achieved high <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\mathbf{R}}_{\mathbf{S}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with very small <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{L}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, their fabrication is troublesome. This review on PCF structures gives a comparative study on a variety of geometric shapes that sense the analytes and their performance parameters.</p>

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Developments in photonic crystal fiber structures-based plasmonic sensors for chemical sensing—a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Alluru Sreevani,
  • Haraprasad Mondal,
  • Naren Das,
  • Mohammad Soroosh,
  • Sandip Swarnakar

摘要

The development of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) has provoked attention in multiple research groups owing to the advancements in various sensing phenomena like gas, chemical, temperature, refractive index, bio-sample detection etc., Due to the controlled interplay between the detecting samples and confined light, PCF enables the success of innovative sensing applications. Various sensing methods to develop chemical sensors for the detection of liquid analytes are outlined here. Over the past few years, numerous geometric formations were put forth using PCFs by several empirics to refine the relative sensitivity ( \(\:{\mathbf{R}}_{\mathbf{S}}\) ), minimize the confinement loss ( \(\:{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{L}}\) ), and expand the effective area (EA) at an allowable level. Distinct geometrical shapes such as rectangular, circular, octagonal, decagonal, elliptical, hybrid, hexagonal, etc., were proposed for finer sensing properties. Although some works achieved high \(\:{\mathbf{R}}_{\mathbf{S}}\) with very small \(\:{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{L}}\) , their fabrication is troublesome. This review on PCF structures gives a comparative study on a variety of geometric shapes that sense the analytes and their performance parameters.