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<p>This study investigates the passive mixing efficiency of various laser-fabricated microchannel geometries for microfluidic applications, a critical aspect for many point-of-care and lab-on-a-chip devices where external power sources are often impractical. The mixing efficiency of a simple Y-channel, Split-and-Recombine (SAR), Funnel, and Zigzag microchannel designs, each with two and four mixing elements (where applicable), was systematically characterized. Mixing efficiency was quantified using the mixing index, analyzed both temporally at two regions of interest (ROI 1 and ROI 2) over 4 to 10&#xa0;min, and spatially along the channel from 12&#xa0;mm to 17&#xa0;mm. Our findings demonstrate that complex geometries significantly outperform the simple Y-channel, which consistently exhibited the lowest mixing efficiency across all evaluations. Among the tested designs, the Zigzag-4 channel emerged as the most effective mixer, achieving the highest mixing indices in both temporal (reaching ~ 0.79 at ROI 2 by 10&#xa0;min) and spatial (~ 0.76 at 17&#xa0;mm) analyses. Channels with four mixing elements generally showed superior performance compared to their two-element counterparts, indicating that increased structural complexity and repeated fluid manipulation enhance mixing homogeneity and accelerate the mixing process. Specifically, the SAR-4 channel showed the highest rate of spatial mixing improvement. This research provides valuable insights for the design and optimization of passive micromixers for various microfluidic applications.</p>

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Experimental investigation of different channel geometries on nitrocellulose membranes for enhancing the mixing process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Mohammed Rashiku,
  • Mona Vajpayee,
  • Kapil Manoharan,
  • Shantanu Bhattacharya

摘要

This study investigates the passive mixing efficiency of various laser-fabricated microchannel geometries for microfluidic applications, a critical aspect for many point-of-care and lab-on-a-chip devices where external power sources are often impractical. The mixing efficiency of a simple Y-channel, Split-and-Recombine (SAR), Funnel, and Zigzag microchannel designs, each with two and four mixing elements (where applicable), was systematically characterized. Mixing efficiency was quantified using the mixing index, analyzed both temporally at two regions of interest (ROI 1 and ROI 2) over 4 to 10 min, and spatially along the channel from 12 mm to 17 mm. Our findings demonstrate that complex geometries significantly outperform the simple Y-channel, which consistently exhibited the lowest mixing efficiency across all evaluations. Among the tested designs, the Zigzag-4 channel emerged as the most effective mixer, achieving the highest mixing indices in both temporal (reaching ~ 0.79 at ROI 2 by 10 min) and spatial (~ 0.76 at 17 mm) analyses. Channels with four mixing elements generally showed superior performance compared to their two-element counterparts, indicating that increased structural complexity and repeated fluid manipulation enhance mixing homogeneity and accelerate the mixing process. Specifically, the SAR-4 channel showed the highest rate of spatial mixing improvement. This research provides valuable insights for the design and optimization of passive micromixers for various microfluidic applications.