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<p>This study presents the enhanced carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) sensing capabilities of Indium (In) nanoparticle (NP) decorated Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanowire (NW) arrays, with a focus on optimizing Schottky diode-based gas sensors for low-temperature operation. Structural and morphological analyses reveal that In decoration significantly reduces the average grain size from approximately 60&#xa0;nm to ~ 38&#xa0;nm, thereby increasing surface defect sites and adsorption centers. The fabricated In-decorated TiO<sub>2</sub> NW sensor demonstrates a high ideality factor (~ 5.37 at 150&#xa0;°C), which marginally increases under 200 ppm CO<sub>2</sub> exposure, indicating robust charge transport mechanisms. Schottky barrier height is observed to decrease from ~ 1.120&#xa0;eV (at 150&#xa0;°C) to ~ 1.088&#xa0;eV upon gas exposure, suggesting enhanced gas-surface interaction. Most notably, the responsivity of the sensor improves significantly with In decoration, rising from 59 to 98% at 150&#xa0;°C under reverse bias, highlighting a ~ 3.6-fold enhancement compared to bare TiO<sub>2</sub> NWs operating at 150&#xa0;°C, which exhibits a response of 27.2% at lower reverse bias and 19.7% at higher reverse bias. Moreover, In decorated TiO<sub>2</sub> NW sample exhibited high selectivity towards CO<sub>2</sub> when compared with H<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>. These findings underscore the synergistic effect of one-dimensional nanostructuring and surface decoration in achieving high-performance, low-temperature CO<sub>2</sub> sensing.</p>

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Enhanced CO2 sensing at low temperatures using Indium-decorated TiO2 nanowire arrays

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月20日

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  • Shubhajit Vishwas,
  • David Chidambaram,
  • Mitra Barun Sarkar

摘要

This study presents the enhanced carbon dioxide (CO2) sensing capabilities of Indium (In) nanoparticle (NP) decorated Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanowire (NW) arrays, with a focus on optimizing Schottky diode-based gas sensors for low-temperature operation. Structural and morphological analyses reveal that In decoration significantly reduces the average grain size from approximately 60 nm to ~ 38 nm, thereby increasing surface defect sites and adsorption centers. The fabricated In-decorated TiO2 NW sensor demonstrates a high ideality factor (~ 5.37 at 150 °C), which marginally increases under 200 ppm CO2 exposure, indicating robust charge transport mechanisms. Schottky barrier height is observed to decrease from ~ 1.120 eV (at 150 °C) to ~ 1.088 eV upon gas exposure, suggesting enhanced gas-surface interaction. Most notably, the responsivity of the sensor improves significantly with In decoration, rising from 59 to 98% at 150 °C under reverse bias, highlighting a ~ 3.6-fold enhancement compared to bare TiO2 NWs operating at 150 °C, which exhibits a response of 27.2% at lower reverse bias and 19.7% at higher reverse bias. Moreover, In decorated TiO2 NW sample exhibited high selectivity towards CO2 when compared with H2 and O2. These findings underscore the synergistic effect of one-dimensional nanostructuring and surface decoration in achieving high-performance, low-temperature CO2 sensing.