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<p>To effectively collect low-frequency vibration energy from various directions in the environment, this paper proposes a novel piezoelectric–electromagnetic hybrid structure. The piezoelectric component employs a mechanical coupling between a cantilever beam and a resonant beam at a 90-degree angle, enabling multi-directional energy harvesting within a two-dimensional plane. The electromagnetic component utilizes a tile-shaped permanent magnet, which adapts to the relative motion trajectory between the magnet and the coil. A dimensionless parameter model is established for the harvester, and a normalized power output expression is derived. Based on the main influencing factors in the expression, the structural parameters of the physical model are optimized. An experimental platform is constructed, and experiments and analyses are conducted. The results show that the maximum power outputs of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic components are 5.91&#xa0;mW and 3.12&#xa0;mW, respectively. For excitation in different directions in the environment, the cantilever beam and resonant beam work complementarily, with the total voltage exceeding 5&#xa0;V in the 10–25&#xa0;Hz frequency band. Compared to traditional single cantilever beam structures, this system significantly broadens the operating frequency band and demonstrates excellent multi-directional harvesting performance, making it suitable for powering small devices.</p>

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Research on multi-directional piezoelectric–electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvester

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月25日

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  • Junjie Liu,
  • Fang Song,
  • Liduo Hu,
  • Xiaofan Shi

摘要

To effectively collect low-frequency vibration energy from various directions in the environment, this paper proposes a novel piezoelectric–electromagnetic hybrid structure. The piezoelectric component employs a mechanical coupling between a cantilever beam and a resonant beam at a 90-degree angle, enabling multi-directional energy harvesting within a two-dimensional plane. The electromagnetic component utilizes a tile-shaped permanent magnet, which adapts to the relative motion trajectory between the magnet and the coil. A dimensionless parameter model is established for the harvester, and a normalized power output expression is derived. Based on the main influencing factors in the expression, the structural parameters of the physical model are optimized. An experimental platform is constructed, and experiments and analyses are conducted. The results show that the maximum power outputs of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic components are 5.91 mW and 3.12 mW, respectively. For excitation in different directions in the environment, the cantilever beam and resonant beam work complementarily, with the total voltage exceeding 5 V in the 10–25 Hz frequency band. Compared to traditional single cantilever beam structures, this system significantly broadens the operating frequency band and demonstrates excellent multi-directional harvesting performance, making it suitable for powering small devices.