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<p>Transdermal drug delivery offers a promising alternative to conventional drug administration methods, presenting numerous advantages such as painless penetration, improved patient compliance, and enhanced safety. Traditional drug delivery systems and needle-based injections often present challenges, including pain, discomfort, and risk of infection, driving the exploration of transdermal approaches. Among various transdermal technologies, microneedle (MN) systems have emerged as a particularly innovative and effective method for delivering therapeutic agents through the skin. Microneedles are also increasingly used for extracting interstitial fluid for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. While significant research has been conducted on different microneedle types—solid, hollow, coated, and dissolving—hollow microneedles have garnered particular interest for their industrial and commercial potential in drug and vaccine delivery. This review highlights recent advancements in hollow microneedles, detailing their geometries, suitable materials, modern fabrication techniques, applications in various biomedical fields, and commercially available products.</p>

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Hollow microneedles: from materials to market—a comprehensive review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月27日

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  • Gowthami Anbazhagan,
  • Sreeja Balakrishnapillai Suseela,
  • Radha Sankararajan

摘要

Transdermal drug delivery offers a promising alternative to conventional drug administration methods, presenting numerous advantages such as painless penetration, improved patient compliance, and enhanced safety. Traditional drug delivery systems and needle-based injections often present challenges, including pain, discomfort, and risk of infection, driving the exploration of transdermal approaches. Among various transdermal technologies, microneedle (MN) systems have emerged as a particularly innovative and effective method for delivering therapeutic agents through the skin. Microneedles are also increasingly used for extracting interstitial fluid for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. While significant research has been conducted on different microneedle types—solid, hollow, coated, and dissolving—hollow microneedles have garnered particular interest for their industrial and commercial potential in drug and vaccine delivery. This review highlights recent advancements in hollow microneedles, detailing their geometries, suitable materials, modern fabrication techniques, applications in various biomedical fields, and commercially available products.