An improvised optimization algorithm for submarine detection in underwater wireless sensor networks

One of the most popular researches in recent years is UWSN (Underwater Sensor Network). UWSNs are used for various applications and also which is used between different hubs and ground-based stations. Also, this system is mainly used for naval applications like tracking and detecting submarines. The process of localization of the target is fundamental to detecting submarines. So, in this paper, a novel model of localization of sensor nodes with range-based localization method utilizing the hybrid Spider Monkey Battle Royale Algorithm (hybrid SMBR) is proposed. The place of the submarine is determined using the reflected arrival signal and the direction of arrival. The submarine’s position is then sent to be monitored using an energy-knowledge depth-based routing protocol. The effectiveness of the proposed UWSN system is determined by evaluating different metrics such as localization error, delivery ratio, localization coverage, energy consumption, delay, packet drop, and throughput.