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Background <p>Field cancerization defined by multiple development of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in upper aerodigestive tract was explained by excessive alcohol intake. A dysfunctional mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Aldh2) delays the clearance of acetaldehyde, a genotoxic alcohol metabolite, and increases SCC risks. TP53 plays key roles in squamous carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism of alcohol-mediated squamous field cancerization has not been clearly elucidated.</p> Methods <p>We developed a novel genetically engineered mouse strain <i>KTPA</i><sup>–/–</sup> (<i>Krt5Cre</i><sup><i>ERT2</i></sup><i>; Trp53</i><sup><i>loxp/loxp</i></sup><i>; Aldh2</i><sup>–/–</sup>) featuring <i>Aldh2</i>-loss concurrent with epithelial-specific <i>Trp53</i> deletion. These mice were given 10%-EtOH, and we evaluated the development of squamous cell carcinogenesis histologically and genetically.</p> Results <p>Widespread multifocal rete ridges (RRs), characterized by downward growth of proliferative preneoplastic cells, were found only in <i>Aldh2</i><sup>+<i>/</i>–</sup> and <i>Aldh2</i><sup>–<i>/</i>–</sup> mice with keratin5-specific Trp53 deletion (<i>KTPA</i><sup>+<i>/–</i></sup> and <i>KTPA</i><sup><i>–/–</i></sup> mice, respectively), and alcohol drinking apparently increased RR formation rate. SCC occurred only in <i>KTPA</i><sup><i>–/–</i></sup> (<i>Aldh2</i> loss<i>/TP53</i> loss) mice with alcohol drinking (15/18: 83%). Total alcohol consumption volume was significantly higher in <i>KTPA</i><sup><i>–/–</i></sup> (<i>Aldh2</i> loss<i>/TP53</i> loss) mice with SCCs than those without SCCs. Further, target sequence revealed the occurrence of genetic abnormalities including <i>Trp53</i> mutations in the esophageal epithelium of <i>Aldh2</i><sup><i>–/–</i></sup> mice with alcohol drinking, suggesting direct mutagenic effects of alcohol drinking to the esophageal epithelium.</p> Conclusion <p>This study provides for the first time the evidence that alcohol drinking, <i>Aldh2</i> dysfunction and <i>Trp53</i> loss cooperate in squamous field cancerization. Alcohol consumption volume affects the SCCs development, even in the same genotype.</p>

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Aldh2 and the tumor suppressor Trp53 play important roles in alcohol-induced squamous field cancerization

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月6日

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  • Yuki Kondo,
  • Shinya Ohashi,
  • Chikatoshi Katada,
  • Yukie Nakai,
  • Yoshihiro Yamamoto,
  • Masashi Tamaoki,
  • Osamu Kikuchi,
  • Atsushi Yamada,
  • Kenshiro Hirohashi,
  • Yosuke Mitani,
  • Shigeki Kataoka,
  • Tomoki Saito,
  • Trang H. Nguyen Vu,
  • Tomohiro Kondo,
  • Yu Uneno,
  • Tomohiko Sunami,
  • Akira Yokoyama,
  • Junichi Matsubara,
  • Tomonari Matsuda,
  • Seiji Naganuma,
  • Kohei Oryu,
  • Samuel Flashner,
  • Masataka Shimonosono,
  • Hiroshi Nakagawa,
  • Manabu Muto

摘要

Background

Field cancerization defined by multiple development of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in upper aerodigestive tract was explained by excessive alcohol intake. A dysfunctional mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Aldh2) delays the clearance of acetaldehyde, a genotoxic alcohol metabolite, and increases SCC risks. TP53 plays key roles in squamous carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism of alcohol-mediated squamous field cancerization has not been clearly elucidated.

Methods

We developed a novel genetically engineered mouse strain KTPA–/– (Krt5CreERT2; Trp53loxp/loxp; Aldh2–/–) featuring Aldh2-loss concurrent with epithelial-specific Trp53 deletion. These mice were given 10%-EtOH, and we evaluated the development of squamous cell carcinogenesis histologically and genetically.

Results

Widespread multifocal rete ridges (RRs), characterized by downward growth of proliferative preneoplastic cells, were found only in Aldh2+/– and Aldh2–/– mice with keratin5-specific Trp53 deletion (KTPA+/– and KTPA–/– mice, respectively), and alcohol drinking apparently increased RR formation rate. SCC occurred only in KTPA–/– (Aldh2 loss/TP53 loss) mice with alcohol drinking (15/18: 83%). Total alcohol consumption volume was significantly higher in KTPA–/– (Aldh2 loss/TP53 loss) mice with SCCs than those without SCCs. Further, target sequence revealed the occurrence of genetic abnormalities including Trp53 mutations in the esophageal epithelium of Aldh2–/– mice with alcohol drinking, suggesting direct mutagenic effects of alcohol drinking to the esophageal epithelium.

Conclusion

This study provides for the first time the evidence that alcohol drinking, Aldh2 dysfunction and Trp53 loss cooperate in squamous field cancerization. Alcohol consumption volume affects the SCCs development, even in the same genotype.