<p>The geometry of large-scale extensional deformation in the southwestern Cyclades archipelago is a controversially discussed issue. Recent studies suggest a bivergent (i.e., coeval top-to-the-S and top-to-the-N shear) geometry of early Miocene extensional deformation. On Sikinos Island, top-to-the-S shear structures in the Cycladic basement are overprinted by a prominent ductile-to-brittle top-to-the-N extensional shear zone in the Cycladic basement at its contact with the tectonically overlying passive-margin sequence of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit. Hitherto, the top-to-the-S shear structures have been related to thrusting of the passive-margin sequence onto the Cycladic basement. Rb–Sr multimineral dating constrains the age of retrograde, lower greenschist-facies top-to-the-S shearing at 23.20 ± 0.25&#xa0;Ma. This age is identical to published ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of ~ 23&#xa0;Ma for a lower greenschist-facies top-to-the-S extensional shear zone on nearby Folegandros Island. Therefore, an interpretation of the top-to-the-S shear zone in the Cycladic basement of Sikinos as resulting from extensional deformation is consistent with the regional scale context of crustal extension invoked for the Cyclades in the early Miocene. On Folegandros Island, top-to-the-S extension occurs at the top of the passive-margin sequence of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit, whereas on Sikinos &#xa0;coeval top-to-the-S extension occurs near the top of the underlying Cycladic basement. Our new Rb–Sr age of ~ 23&#xa0;Ma indicates that top-to-the-S fabrics&#xa0;reflect the earliest Miocene extensional structures. They are intimately related to the top-to-the-N extensional structures forming an early Miocene bivergent extensional hinge zone at the southern end of the Cyclades archipelago.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>