<p>In this paper we provide density estimates for a class of functions which includes all the minimizers of the energy <Equation ID="Equ219"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \mathcal {E}_s^p(u,\Omega ):= &amp; (1-s)\left( \frac{1}{2}\int _{\Omega }\int _{\Omega }\frac{\left| u(x)-u(y)\right| ^p}{\left| x-y\right| ^{n+sp}}\,dx\,dy +\int _{\Omega }\int _{\mathbb {R}^n\setminus \Omega }\frac{\left| u(x)-u(y)\right| ^p}{\left| x-y\right| ^{n+sp}}\,dx\,dy\right) \\ &amp; +\int _{\Omega }W(u(x))\,dx, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="script">E</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <mfrac> <msup> <mfenced close="|" open="|"> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mfenced> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <msup> <mfenced close="|" open="|"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mfenced> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo lspace="0.15em" rspace="0.15em" stretchy="false">\</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mfrac> <msup> <mfenced close="|" open="|"> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mfenced> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <msup> <mfenced close="|" open="|"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mfenced> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mfenced> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p\in (1,+\infty )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(s \in \left( 0,1\right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and&#xa0;<i>W</i> is a double-well potential with polynomial growth&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m\in \left[ p,+\infty \right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="["> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> from the minima. The nonlocal estimates obtained are uniform as&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(s\rightarrow 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Moreover, making use of a <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Gamma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-convergence result for <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {E}_s^p\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="script">E</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> as <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(s\rightarrow 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we obtain density estimates for the minimizers of the limit energy functional, which takes the form <Equation ID="Equ220"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \mathcal {E}_1^p(u,\Omega ):=\frac{K_{n,p}}{2p}\int _{\Omega } \left| \nabla u(x)\right| ^p+\int _{\Omega } W(u(x))\,dx, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="script">E</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mi>p</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <msup> <mfenced close="|" open="|"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mfenced> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>for a suitable <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(K_{n,p}\in (0,+\infty )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Density estimates for a (non)local variational model with degenerate double-well potential

  • Serena Dipierro,
  • Alberto Farina,
  • Giovanni Giacomin,
  • Enrico Valdinoci

摘要

In this paper we provide density estimates for a class of functions which includes all the minimizers of the energy \(\begin{aligned} \mathcal {E}_s^p(u,\Omega ):= & (1-s)\left( \frac{1}{2}\int _{\Omega }\int _{\Omega }\frac{\left| u(x)-u(y)\right| ^p}{\left| x-y\right| ^{n+sp}}\,dx\,dy +\int _{\Omega }\int _{\mathbb {R}^n\setminus \Omega }\frac{\left| u(x)-u(y)\right| ^p}{\left| x-y\right| ^{n+sp}}\,dx\,dy\right) \\ & +\int _{\Omega }W(u(x))\,dx, \end{aligned}\) E s p ( u , Ω ) : = ( 1 - s ) 1 2 Ω Ω u ( x ) - u ( y ) p x - y n + s p d x d y + Ω R n \ Ω u ( x ) - u ( y ) p x - y n + s p d x d y + Ω W ( u ( x ) ) d x , where  \(p\in (1,+\infty )\) p ( 1 , + ) , \(s \in \left( 0,1\right) \) s 0 , 1 and W is a double-well potential with polynomial growth  \(m\in \left[ p,+\infty \right) \) m p , + from the minima. The nonlocal estimates obtained are uniform as  \(s\rightarrow 1\) s 1 . Moreover, making use of a \(\Gamma \) Γ -convergence result for \(\mathcal {E}_s^p\) E s p as \(s\rightarrow 1\) s 1 , we obtain density estimates for the minimizers of the limit energy functional, which takes the form \(\begin{aligned} \mathcal {E}_1^p(u,\Omega ):=\frac{K_{n,p}}{2p}\int _{\Omega } \left| \nabla u(x)\right| ^p+\int _{\Omega } W(u(x))\,dx, \end{aligned}\) E 1 p ( u , Ω ) : = K n , p 2 p Ω u ( x ) p + Ω W ( u ( x ) ) d x , for a suitable \(K_{n,p}\in (0,+\infty )\) K n , p ( 0 , + ) .