<p>We extend the classical mean value property for the Laplacian operator to address a nonlinear and non-homogeneous problem related to the <i>p</i>-Laplacian operator for <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p&gt;2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Specifically, we characterize viscosity solutions to the <i>p</i>-Laplace equation <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta _pu :=\nabla \cdot (|\nabla u|^{p-2} \nabla u) = f\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with a nontrivial right-hand side <i>f</i>, through novel asymptotic mean value formulas. While asymptotic mean value formulas for the homogeneous case (<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f = 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) have been previously established, leveraging the normalization <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta _p^{N }u:=|\nabla u|^{2-p} \Delta _pu = 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which yields the 1-homogeneous normalized <i>p</i>-Laplacian, such normalization is not applicable when <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f \ne 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>≠</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Furthermore, the mean value formulas introduced here motivate, for the first time in the literature, a game-theoretical approach for non-homogeneous <i>p</i>-Laplace equations. We also analyze the existence, uniqueness, and convergence of the game values, which are solutions to a dynamic programming principle derived from the mean value property.</p>

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Game theoretical asymptotic mean value properties for non-homogeneous p-Laplace problems

  • Félix del Teso,
  • Julio D. Rossi

摘要

We extend the classical mean value property for the Laplacian operator to address a nonlinear and non-homogeneous problem related to the p-Laplacian operator for \(p>2\) p > 2 . Specifically, we characterize viscosity solutions to the p-Laplace equation \(\Delta _pu :=\nabla \cdot (|\nabla u|^{p-2} \nabla u) = f\) Δ p u : = · ( | u | p - 2 u ) = f with a nontrivial right-hand side f, through novel asymptotic mean value formulas. While asymptotic mean value formulas for the homogeneous case ( \(f = 0\) f = 0 ) have been previously established, leveraging the normalization \(\Delta _p^{N }u:=|\nabla u|^{2-p} \Delta _pu = 0\) Δ p N u : = | u | 2 - p Δ p u = 0 , which yields the 1-homogeneous normalized p-Laplacian, such normalization is not applicable when \(f \ne 0\) f 0 . Furthermore, the mean value formulas introduced here motivate, for the first time in the literature, a game-theoretical approach for non-homogeneous p-Laplace equations. We also analyze the existence, uniqueness, and convergence of the game values, which are solutions to a dynamic programming principle derived from the mean value property.