<p>In this paper, we study the radial symmetry properties of stationary and uniformly rotating solutions of the Vortex-Wave system introduced by Marchioro and Pulvirenti [<CitationRef CitationID="CR29">29</CitationRef>]. We show that every uniformly rotating patch solution <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left( D,x_1,x_2,..,x_k\right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>D</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with angular velocity <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \le 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> must be radial with respect to the only point vortex <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(x_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, implying that <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k=1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In other words, the background vorticity consists of finite nested annulus and the point vortex is located at the center of these annulus. In contrast to the case where the angular velocity is non-positive, we prove that there exists a family of uniformly rotating patch solutions <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((D^n,x_1^n)_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>D</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <msubsup> <mi>x</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which are associated with a sequence of positive angular velocities <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{\Omega _n\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D^n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>D</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are not annular. Furthermore, we find that the set of bifurcating angular velocities <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{\Omega _n\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is dense in <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((0,+\infty )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, a novel feature that distinguishes this behavior from that observed in the classical 2D Euler equation and gSQG equation.</p>

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Symmetry of uniformly rotating solutions for the vortex-wave system

  • Daomin Cao,
  • Boquan Fan,
  • Rui Li

摘要

In this paper, we study the radial symmetry properties of stationary and uniformly rotating solutions of the Vortex-Wave system introduced by Marchioro and Pulvirenti [29]. We show that every uniformly rotating patch solution \(\left( D,x_1,x_2,..,x_k\right) \) D , x 1 , x 2 , . . , x k with angular velocity \(\Omega \le 0\) Ω 0 must be radial with respect to the only point vortex \(x_1\) x 1 , implying that \(k=1\) k = 1 . In other words, the background vorticity consists of finite nested annulus and the point vortex is located at the center of these annulus. In contrast to the case where the angular velocity is non-positive, we prove that there exists a family of uniformly rotating patch solutions \((D^n,x_1^n)_n\) ( D n , x 1 n ) n , which are associated with a sequence of positive angular velocities \(\{\Omega _n\}\) { Ω n } and \(D^n\) D n are not annular. Furthermore, we find that the set of bifurcating angular velocities \(\{\Omega _n\}\) { Ω n } is dense in \((0,+\infty )\) ( 0 , + ) , a novel feature that distinguishes this behavior from that observed in the classical 2D Euler equation and gSQG equation.