<p>In this paper, without any assumption on <i>v</i> and under the extremely mild assumption <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u(x)= O(|x|^{K})\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> as <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(|x|\rightarrow +\infty\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for some <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(K\gg 1\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> arbitrarily large, we classify solutions of the following conformally invariant system with mixed order and exponentially increasing nonlinearity in <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^{3}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>: <Equation ID="Equ194"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \ (-\Delta )^{\frac{1}{2}} u=v^{4} ,&amp; x\in \mathbb {R}^{3},\\ \ -\Delta v=e^{pw} ,&amp; x\in \mathbb {R}^{3},\\ \ (-\Delta )^{\frac{3}{2}} w=u^{3} ,&amp; x\in \mathbb {R}^{3}, \end{array}\right. }\)</EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p&gt;0\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u,v\ge 0\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(w(x)=o(|x|^{2})\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> at <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\infty\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <i>u</i> satisfies the finite total curvature condition <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\int _{\mathbb {R}^{3}}u^{3}(x)\textrm{d}x&lt;+\infty\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Moreover, under extremely mild assumption which is much weaker than <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(v(x)=O(|x|^{K})\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> as <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(|x|\rightarrow +\infty\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for some <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(K\gg 1\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> arbitrarily large, we also prove classification of solutions to the conformally invariant system with mixed order and exponentially increasing nonlinearity in <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^{4}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>: <Equation ID="Equ195"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \ (-\Delta )^{\frac{1}{2}} u=e^{pw} ,&amp; x\in \mathbb {R}^{4},\\ \ -\Delta v=u^2 ,&amp; x\in \mathbb {R}^{4},\\ \ (-\Delta )^{2} w=v^{4} ,&amp; x\in \mathbb {R}^{4}, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p&gt;0\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u,v\ge 0\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(w(x)=o(|x|^{2})\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> at <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\infty\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <i>v</i> satisfies the finite total curvature condition <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\int _{\mathbb {R}^{4}}v^{4}(x)\textrm{d}x&lt;+\infty\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The key ingredients are deriving the integral representation formulae and crucial asymptotic behaviors of solutions (<i>u</i>,&#xa0;<i>v</i>,&#xa0;<i>w</i>) and calculating the explicit value of the total curvature. These systems are closely related to conformally invariant equations <InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((-\Delta )^{\frac{1}{2}}u=u^{\frac{n+1}{n-1}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq20"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(-\Delta v=v^{\frac{n+2}{n-2}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in <InlineEquation ID="IEq21"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^{n}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq22"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n=3,4\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq23"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((-\Delta )^{\frac{3}{2}}w=2e^{3w}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in <InlineEquation ID="IEq24"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^{3}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq25"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((-\Delta )^{2}w=6e^{4w}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in <InlineEquation ID="IEq26"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^{4}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which have been quite extensively studied (c.f. [<CitationRef CitationID="CR6">6</CitationRef>, <CitationRef CitationID="CR14">14</CitationRef>, <CitationRef CitationID="CR20">20</CitationRef>, <CitationRef CitationID="CR23">23</CitationRef>, <CitationRef CitationID="CR52">52</CitationRef>, <CitationRef CitationID="CR63">63</CitationRef>, <CitationRef CitationID="CR66">66</CitationRef>] etc). Our results indicate that solutions to the mixed order Liouville type systems with exponential growth in <InlineEquation ID="IEq27"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^{n}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> can be classified under almost the same assumptions as the single <i>n</i>-th order Liouville equation.</p>

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Classification of solutions to 3-D and 4-D mixed order conformally invariant systems with critical and exponential growth

  • Wei Dai,
  • Lixiu Duan,
  • Rong Zhang

摘要

In this paper, without any assumption on v and under the extremely mild assumption \(u(x)= O(|x|^{K})\) as \(|x|\rightarrow +\infty\) for some \(K\gg 1\) arbitrarily large, we classify solutions of the following conformally invariant system with mixed order and exponentially increasing nonlinearity in \(\mathbb {R}^{3}\) : \({\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \ (-\Delta )^{\frac{1}{2}} u=v^{4} ,& x\in \mathbb {R}^{3},\\ \ -\Delta v=e^{pw} ,& x\in \mathbb {R}^{3},\\ \ (-\Delta )^{\frac{3}{2}} w=u^{3} ,& x\in \mathbb {R}^{3}, \end{array}\right. }\) where \(p>0\) , \(u,v\ge 0\) , \(w(x)=o(|x|^{2})\) at \(\infty\) and u satisfies the finite total curvature condition \(\int _{\mathbb {R}^{3}}u^{3}(x)\textrm{d}x<+\infty\) . Moreover, under extremely mild assumption which is much weaker than \(v(x)=O(|x|^{K})\) as \(|x|\rightarrow +\infty\) for some \(K\gg 1\) arbitrarily large, we also prove classification of solutions to the conformally invariant system with mixed order and exponentially increasing nonlinearity in \(\mathbb {R}^{4}\) : \(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \ (-\Delta )^{\frac{1}{2}} u=e^{pw} ,& x\in \mathbb {R}^{4},\\ \ -\Delta v=u^2 ,& x\in \mathbb {R}^{4},\\ \ (-\Delta )^{2} w=v^{4} ,& x\in \mathbb {R}^{4}, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\) where \(p>0\) , \(u,v\ge 0\) , \(w(x)=o(|x|^{2})\) at \(\infty\) and v satisfies the finite total curvature condition \(\int _{\mathbb {R}^{4}}v^{4}(x)\textrm{d}x<+\infty\) . The key ingredients are deriving the integral representation formulae and crucial asymptotic behaviors of solutions (uvw) and calculating the explicit value of the total curvature. These systems are closely related to conformally invariant equations \((-\Delta )^{\frac{1}{2}}u=u^{\frac{n+1}{n-1}}\) , \(-\Delta v=v^{\frac{n+2}{n-2}}\) in \(\mathbb {R}^{n}\) with \(n=3,4\) , \((-\Delta )^{\frac{3}{2}}w=2e^{3w}\) in \(\mathbb {R}^{3}\) and \((-\Delta )^{2}w=6e^{4w}\) in \(\mathbb {R}^{4}\) , which have been quite extensively studied (c.f. [6, 14, 20, 23, 52, 63, 66] etc). Our results indicate that solutions to the mixed order Liouville type systems with exponential growth in \(\mathbb {R}^{n}\) can be classified under almost the same assumptions as the single n-th order Liouville equation.