<p>We examine the possibility of finite-time blow-up of solutions to the fully parabolic quasilinear Keller–Segel model in a ball <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_2944_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="55" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_2944_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Previous results show that unbounded solutions exist for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_2944_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="64" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m, q \in \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_2944_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="92" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m-q&lt;\frac{n-2}{n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which, however, are necessarily global in time if <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_2944_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q \le 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. It is expected that finite-time blow-up is possible whenever <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_2944_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q &gt; 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> but in the fully parabolic setting this has so far only been shown when <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_2944_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="110" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\max \{m, q\} \ge 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo movablelimits="true">max</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In the present paper, we substantially extend these findings. Our main results for the two- and three-dimensional settings state that (<InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_2944_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="9" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\star \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>⋆</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) admits solutions blowing up in finite time if <Equation ID="Equ83"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_2944_Article_Equ83.gif" Format="GIF" Height="44" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="409" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} m-q&lt;\frac{n-2}{n} \quad \text {and} \quad {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} q&lt; 2m &amp; \text {if } n = 2, \\ q &lt; 2m - \frac{2}{3} \text { or } m &gt; \frac{2}{3} &amp; \text {if } n = 3, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>and</mtext> <mspace width="1em" /> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mtext>if</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>m</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>or</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mtext>if</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>that is, also for certain <i>m</i>,&#xa0;<i>q</i> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_2944_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="109" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\max \{m, q\} &lt; 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo movablelimits="true">max</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. As a key new ingredient in our proof, we make use of (singular) pointwise upper estimates for <i>u</i>.</p>

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Finite-time blow-up in fully parabolic quasilinear Keller–Segel systems with supercritical exponents

  • Xinru Cao,
  • Mario Fuest

摘要

We examine the possibility of finite-time blow-up of solutions to the fully parabolic quasilinear Keller–Segel model in a ball \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n\) Ω R n with \(n\ge 2\) n 2 . Previous results show that unbounded solutions exist for all \(m, q \in \mathbb {R}\) m , q R with \(m-q<\frac{n-2}{n}\) m - q < n - 2 n , which, however, are necessarily global in time if \(q \le 0\) q 0 . It is expected that finite-time blow-up is possible whenever \(q > 0\) q > 0 but in the fully parabolic setting this has so far only been shown when \(\max \{m, q\} \ge 1\) max { m , q } 1 . In the present paper, we substantially extend these findings. Our main results for the two- and three-dimensional settings state that ( \(\star \) ) admits solutions blowing up in finite time if \(\begin{aligned} m-q<\frac{n-2}{n} \quad \text {and} \quad {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} q< 2m & \text {if } n = 2, \\ q < 2m - \frac{2}{3} \text { or } m > \frac{2}{3} & \text {if } n = 3, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\) m - q < n - 2 n and q < 2 m if n = 2 , q < 2 m - 2 3 or m > 2 3 if n = 3 , that is, also for certain mq with \(\max \{m, q\} < 1\) max { m , q } < 1 . As a key new ingredient in our proof, we make use of (singular) pointwise upper estimates for u.