Evaluating the performance of metaheuristic-tuned weight agnostic neural networks for crop yield prediction

This study explores crop yield forecasting through weight agnostic neural networks (WANN) optimized by a modified metaheuristic. WANNs offer the potential for lighter networks with shared weights, utilizing a two-layer cooperative framework to optimize network architecture and shared weights. The proposed metaheuristic is tested on real-world crop datasets and benchmarked against state-of-the-art algorithms using standard regression metrics. While not claiming WANN as the definitive solution, the model demonstrates significant potential in crop forecasting with lightweight architectures. The optimized WANN models achieve a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.017698 and an R-squared ( \(R^2\) $R^2$ ) score of 0.886555, indicating promising forecasting performance. Statistical analysis and Simulator for Autonomy and Generality Evaluation (SAGE) validate the improvement significance and feature importance of the proposed approach.