Aims <p>To identify different classes of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients based on heterogeneous trajectories of psychological resilience and influencing factors of different classes.</p> Methods <p>From October 2022 to December 2023, 388 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients were included. Baseline assessment (T0) data were collected at the first day of hospitalization, including demographic, clinical characteristics, psychological (psychological resilience, symptom burden, anxiety, medical coping styles), and social (social support) factors. Measurements were repeated at 3&#xa0;days after surgery (T1), the day of hospital discharge (T2), 3&#xa0;months post-discharge (T3), 6&#xa0;months post-discharge (T4), and 1&#xa0;year post-discharge (T5). A latent class growth model (LCGM) was used to define different classes of trajectories of psychological resilience.</p> Results <p>Data from 333 patients were analyzed. The three latent classes had a similar pattern across different intercepts, with a significant decrease from T0 to T2, followed by a significant increase from T2 to T5, and with T5 being higher than T0. The three trajectories were named Class 1 (sustained high), Class 2 (rapid recovery), and Class 3 (slow recovery), respectively. Multiple logistic regressions showed that Class 1 (sustained high) predicted higher social support, aged 20 ~ 40, being male and a civil servant, and Class 2 (rapid recovery), and Class 3 (slow recovery) predicted higher anxiety and resignation coping compared to Class 1.</p> Conclusion <p>Healthcare providers should pay attention to periods of declining psychological resilience and implement interventions for vulnerable populations.</p>