Purpose <p>This study aimed to assess the impact of staged sexual health education on improving the sexual and mental health of patients with breast cancer.</p> Methods <p>This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT). A total of 94 patients with breast cancer were assigned to the control or intervention group, which received standard and staged sexual health education, respectively. The Quality of Sexual Life Questionnaire (QSL), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Self-rated Depression Scale (SDS), and Self-rated Anxiety Scale (SAS) were used to assess the sexual and mental health status of patients with breast cancer before (T1) and after the intervention (T2, T3). Repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences in outcome scale scores between the groups at each time point.</p> Results <p>The QSL scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group at T3 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The FSFI scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group at both T2 and T3 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the proportion of patients who resumed sexual activity in the intervention group (85.4%) was significantly greater than that in the control group (40.5%) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). However, no significant differences in the SDS or SAS scores were noted between the intervention and control groups at T2 or T3 (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05).</p> Conclusion <p>Staged sexual health education can help patients with breast cancer correctly understand their sexual health-related knowledge, restore their normal sexual life, and improve their FSFI and QSL.</p>