Objective <p>To estimate the sleep quality in patients with gynecological cancer and to determine the association between sleep quality and life satisfaction, self-efficacy, and clinical and demographic factors.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional online survey was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Chengdu, China, involving a sample of 663 patients with gynecological cancer. Data were collected using a general demographic questionnaire, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The statistical methods included correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression.</p> Results <p>Of the 663 participants, 78.7% had poor sleep quality. The mean quality score was 8.21 ± 3.51. Employment status was positively correlated with sleep quality, whereas treatment of sleep problems, low life satisfaction, and low self-efficacy were negatively correlated with sleep quality.</p> Conclusions <p>Poor sleep quality is common in patients with gynecological cancer. Clinicians should pay more attention to sleep quality in patients with gynecological cancer and adopt targeted strategies based on the relevant influencing factors to ensure optimal sleep quality.</p>