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<p>This study investigated and assessed the ecological status of fish communities in Austrian lakes as part of the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive (EU-WFD) over a&#xa0;15-year period. Since the EU-WFD was implemented in Austria in 2003, monitoring efforts have aimed to achieve a&#xa0;good ecological status, with fish serving as a&#xa0;biological quality element and indicator for ecological condition assessment. Evaluations were conducted for 40&#xa0;lakes larger than 50&#xa0;hectares, categorized into four fish-ecological lake types: Arctic Char Lakes, Minnow Lakes, Bleak Lakes, and Pikeperch Lakes. The methodology included standardized gillnetting, electrofishing, and hydroacoustic echo-sounding to capture data on fish species diversity and biomass in the lakes. Results indicated that fish communities have undergone significant changes in recent decades, primarily due to the loss of sensitive species (especially small fish species and salmonids) and the introduction of economically important species, such as eel, carp, whitefish, and pikeperch. Consequently, no large lake in Austria currently retains an unaltered fish community compared to its historical reference. Across all surveyed lakes, an average fish biomass of 75 kg/ha was recorded, with specific reference values for each lake type (Arctic Char Lakes 49 kg/ha, Bleak Lakes 86 kg/ha, and Minnow Lakes 106 kg/ha). This study provides a&#xa0;comprehensive overview of the current fish stocks in Austrian lakes (&gt; 50 ha) and highlights the necessity of sustainable management strategies to support the conservation of natural fish communities and ensure long-term stability of fish stocks.</p>

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Die Fischgemeinschaften in österreichischen Seen >50 ha: Erhebung und Bewertung nach EU-WRRL und ALFI (Austrian Lake Fish Index)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月17日

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  • Martin Luger,
  • Barbara Kammerlander,
  • Barbara Pamminger-Lahnsteiner,
  • Daniela Achleitner,
  • Hubert Gassner

摘要

This study investigated and assessed the ecological status of fish communities in Austrian lakes as part of the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive (EU-WFD) over a 15-year period. Since the EU-WFD was implemented in Austria in 2003, monitoring efforts have aimed to achieve a good ecological status, with fish serving as a biological quality element and indicator for ecological condition assessment. Evaluations were conducted for 40 lakes larger than 50 hectares, categorized into four fish-ecological lake types: Arctic Char Lakes, Minnow Lakes, Bleak Lakes, and Pikeperch Lakes. The methodology included standardized gillnetting, electrofishing, and hydroacoustic echo-sounding to capture data on fish species diversity and biomass in the lakes. Results indicated that fish communities have undergone significant changes in recent decades, primarily due to the loss of sensitive species (especially small fish species and salmonids) and the introduction of economically important species, such as eel, carp, whitefish, and pikeperch. Consequently, no large lake in Austria currently retains an unaltered fish community compared to its historical reference. Across all surveyed lakes, an average fish biomass of 75 kg/ha was recorded, with specific reference values for each lake type (Arctic Char Lakes 49 kg/ha, Bleak Lakes 86 kg/ha, and Minnow Lakes 106 kg/ha). This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current fish stocks in Austrian lakes (> 50 ha) and highlights the necessity of sustainable management strategies to support the conservation of natural fish communities and ensure long-term stability of fish stocks.