Pricing strategy with warranty and risk-averse flexibility in sustainable supply chain: a remanufacturing process under demand uncertainty
摘要
This study investigates a sustainable supply chain operating under a cap-and-trade policy, involving a risk-averse retailer and a manufacturer that offers both traditional (non-green) and eco-friendly (green) products with uncertain demand. The demand is influenced by key factors such as pricing, warranty duration, advertising, and green initiatives. To promote sustainability, both the retailer and manufacturer invest in green efforts, and the manufacturer also remanufactures discarded non-green products into green ones for future sale. The study examines the environmental and economic impacts of traditional and green supply chains under both centralized and decentralized structures. Additionally, a trade credit contract is introduced to enhance liquidity, stimulate market demand, and improve profitability. A sensitivity analysis explores the effects of green investments, warranty length, advertising, and pricing on optimal supply chain decisions. The findings provide actionable insights for supply chain managers to enhance sustainability, balance between environmental and financial objectives, and adapt strategies to dynamic operational and policy conditions.