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<p>This paper explores dual-channel coordination in a two-echelon green supply chain facing supply-side uncertainty. Demand is influenced by selling prices and the product's green level. The manufacturer manages online sales, while the retailer handles traditional sales, with the allocation of the product between channels being determined by demand ratios. The manufacturer is responsible for setting the greenness level and sales price for the direct channel, while the retailer determines the selling price for the traditional channel. To foster mutual benefit, a hybrid contract that incorporates revenue and cost-sharing is suggested. The study identifies an optimal dual-channel coordination structure considering product greenness under supply-side uncertainty. The results indicate that the proposed contract achieves coordination, thereby increasing profits for both members through cost and profit sharing. It also enhances the green level, satisfying eco-friendly customers.</p>

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Green dual-channel supply chain under revenue and cost sharing contract: supply-side uncertainty and outsourcing considerations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Melika Mousavi,
  • Jafar Heydari,
  • Mohammad Sheikhalishahi

摘要

This paper explores dual-channel coordination in a two-echelon green supply chain facing supply-side uncertainty. Demand is influenced by selling prices and the product's green level. The manufacturer manages online sales, while the retailer handles traditional sales, with the allocation of the product between channels being determined by demand ratios. The manufacturer is responsible for setting the greenness level and sales price for the direct channel, while the retailer determines the selling price for the traditional channel. To foster mutual benefit, a hybrid contract that incorporates revenue and cost-sharing is suggested. The study identifies an optimal dual-channel coordination structure considering product greenness under supply-side uncertainty. The results indicate that the proposed contract achieves coordination, thereby increasing profits for both members through cost and profit sharing. It also enhances the green level, satisfying eco-friendly customers.