<p>As the main body responsible for emergency management, local governments must take actions to respond to public health events. However, these actions may be delayed or inadequate, which can affect the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency management. Therefore, the actions of local governments in public health events need to be monitored and supervised. To explore how to prompt the multi-agent supervision of emergency management, we construct a four-agent game model with the participation of the central government, local governments, citizens and new media. By solving the Nash equilibrium, conducting simulation analysis and discussing the results with the relevant literature, we find that for the central government, establishing an accountability mechanism and increasing the accountability cost for local governments can motivate local governments to actively cope with public health events. Second, the greater the impact of citizen evaluation and complaints or new media reporting on local governments, the greater the probability of local governments choosing “actively coping” strategy. Third, raising citizens' awareness of risk and providing appropriate incentives can prompt citizens to participate in emergency management supervision. Fourth, the ways of stimulating new media to choose “reporting” strategy include lowering the cost of reporting, raising the subsidies for reporting, and increasing the additional traffic revenue from reporting. Finally, combined with the main findings of this study, we provide some recommendations for improving the supervision of public health events emergency management.</p>