<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="500_2025_10541_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="119" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({C}_{n}, {K}_{n},{W}_{n},{K}_{r,s}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denote a cycle, complete graph, wheel graph, complete bipartite graph respectively. An <i>edge cycle graph</i> of a graph <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="500_2025_10541_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>G</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the graph <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="500_2025_10541_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="46" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G({C}_{k})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> formed from one copy of <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="500_2025_10541_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>G</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="500_2025_10541_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="54" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(|E(G)|\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> copies of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="500_2025_10541_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="25" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({P}_{k},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> where t he ends of the <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="500_2025_10541_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({i}^{th}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">th</mi> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> edge are identified with the ends of <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="500_2025_10541_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({i}^{th}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">th</mi> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> copy of <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="500_2025_10541_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({P}_{k}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this article, we determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of paw- decompositions of the diamond graph <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="500_2025_10541_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="32" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({Br}_{n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">Br</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and some edge cycle graphs like <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="500_2025_10541_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="26" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="301" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({K}_{n}\left({C}_{3}\right), { W}_{n}\left({C}_{3}\right),{ K}_{r,s}\left({C}_{3}\right), { C}_{n}\circ \stackrel{\leftharpoonup}{{K}_{m}}({C}_{3})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> </mfenced> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> </mfenced> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> </mfenced> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>∘</mo> <mover> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>↼</mo> </mover> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="500_2025_10541_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="94" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({P}_{n}\circ \stackrel{\leftharpoonup}{{K}_{m}}({C}_{3})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>∘</mo> <mover> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>↼</mo> </mover> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> where <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="500_2025_10541_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="9" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\circ \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>∘</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denotes the corona of graphs.</p>

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Paw decompositions of diamond and some edge cycle graphs

  • Murugan Esakkimuthu,
  • Sivaprakash Gunniya Rameshbabu

摘要

Let \({C}_{n}, {K}_{n},{W}_{n},{K}_{r,s}\) C n , K n , W n , K r , s denote a cycle, complete graph, wheel graph, complete bipartite graph respectively. An edge cycle graph of a graph \(G\) G is the graph \(G({C}_{k})\) G ( C k ) formed from one copy of \(G\) G and \(|E(G)|\) | E ( G ) | copies of \({P}_{k},\) P k , where t he ends of the \({i}^{th}\) i th edge are identified with the ends of \({i}^{th}\) i th copy of \({P}_{k}\) P k . In this article, we determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of paw- decompositions of the diamond graph \({Br}_{n}\) Br n and some edge cycle graphs like \({K}_{n}\left({C}_{3}\right), { W}_{n}\left({C}_{3}\right),{ K}_{r,s}\left({C}_{3}\right), { C}_{n}\circ \stackrel{\leftharpoonup}{{K}_{m}}({C}_{3})\) K n C 3 , W n C 3 , K r , s C 3 , C n K m ( C 3 ) and \({P}_{n}\circ \stackrel{\leftharpoonup}{{K}_{m}}({C}_{3})\) P n K m ( C 3 ) where \(\circ \) denotes the corona of graphs.