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Upper ideal relation graphs associated to rings

  • Barkha Baloda,
  • Jitender Kumar

摘要

Let R be a ring with unity. The upper ideal relation graph \(\Gamma _U(R)\) Γ U ( R ) of the ring R is a simple undirected graph whose vertex set is the set of all non-unit elements of R and two distinct vertices xy are adjacent if and only if there exists a non-unit element \(z \in R\) z R such that the ideals (x) and (y) contained in the ideal (z). In this article, we classify all the non-local finite commutative rings whose upper ideal relation graphs are split graphs, threshold graphs and cographs, respectively. In order to study topological properties of \(\Gamma _U(R)\) Γ U ( R ) , we determine all the non-local finite commutative rings R whose upper ideal relation graph has genus at most 2. Further, we precisely characterize all the non-local finite commutative rings for which the crosscap of \(\Gamma _U(R)\) Γ U ( R ) is either 1 or 2.