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<p>This study investigated the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of single-bud versus multi-bud corms in <i>Amorphophallus muelleri</i> foliar bulbils. Hormonal quantification revealed that multi-bud corms possessed significantly higher Cytokinin (CTK) levels and a lower Auxin/CTK ratio compared to single-bud corms. Conversely, branching inhibitors such as Brassinosteroids (BR) and Strigolactones (SLs) were significantly higher in single-bud corms. Metabolomic analysis showed a specific enrichment of fructose in multi-bud corms, suggesting high energy demand. Transcriptome sequencing identified 742 differentially expressed transcription factors and significant enrichment in hormone signaling pathways. Data reliability was validated by qRT-PCR, which confirmed the upregulation of CTK receptors (<i>AmCRE1</i>) and sucrose metabolism genes (<i>AmSPS</i>, <i>AmINV</i>), and the downregulation of SL signaling genes (<i>AmD14</i>, <i>AmD53</i>) in multi-bud corms. Crucially, exogenous application of 1.0&#xa0;mg/L 6-BA verified the inductive role of CTK, achieving a 100% multi-bud formation rate and stabilizing the phenotype. We conclude that a high CTK background, coupled with reduced SL/BR signaling and enhanced fructose metabolism, releases apical dominance to drive multi-bud formation. These findings provide a theoretical basis and practical method for improving the propagation coefficient of konjac.</p>

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Single and multiple buds form characteristics in Amorphophallus muelleri

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • YaXin Liu,
  • ZeMei Li,
  • JinDi He,
  • WenHan Li,
  • YuQi Xie,
  • SiYi Ge,
  • RuiJia Wang,
  • XueWei Wu

摘要

This study investigated the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of single-bud versus multi-bud corms in Amorphophallus muelleri foliar bulbils. Hormonal quantification revealed that multi-bud corms possessed significantly higher Cytokinin (CTK) levels and a lower Auxin/CTK ratio compared to single-bud corms. Conversely, branching inhibitors such as Brassinosteroids (BR) and Strigolactones (SLs) were significantly higher in single-bud corms. Metabolomic analysis showed a specific enrichment of fructose in multi-bud corms, suggesting high energy demand. Transcriptome sequencing identified 742 differentially expressed transcription factors and significant enrichment in hormone signaling pathways. Data reliability was validated by qRT-PCR, which confirmed the upregulation of CTK receptors (AmCRE1) and sucrose metabolism genes (AmSPS, AmINV), and the downregulation of SL signaling genes (AmD14, AmD53) in multi-bud corms. Crucially, exogenous application of 1.0 mg/L 6-BA verified the inductive role of CTK, achieving a 100% multi-bud formation rate and stabilizing the phenotype. We conclude that a high CTK background, coupled with reduced SL/BR signaling and enhanced fructose metabolism, releases apical dominance to drive multi-bud formation. These findings provide a theoretical basis and practical method for improving the propagation coefficient of konjac.