<p>In a digraph, a dicut is a cut where all the arcs cross in one direction. A dijoin is a subset of arcs that intersects each dicut. Woodall conjectured in 1976 that in every digraph, the minimum size of a dicut equals to the maximum number of disjoint dijoins. However, prior to our work, it was not even known whether at least 3 disjoint dijoins exist in an arbitrary digraph whose minimum dicut size is sufficiently large. By building connections with nowhere-zero (circular) <i>k</i>-flows, we prove that every digraph with minimum dicut size <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_159_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="11" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>τ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> contains <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_159_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="27" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left\lfloor \frac{\tau }{k}\right\rfloor \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close="⌋" open="⌊"> <mfrac> <mi>τ</mi> <mi>k</mi> </mfrac> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> disjoint dijoins if the underlying undirected graph admits a nowhere-zero (circular) <i>k</i>-flow. The existence of nowhere-zero 6-flows in 2-edge-connected graphs (Seymour 1981) directly leads to the existence of <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_159_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="27" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left\lfloor \frac{\tau }{6}\right\rfloor \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close="⌋" open="⌊"> <mfrac> <mi>τ</mi> <mn>6</mn> </mfrac> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> disjoint dijoins in a digraph with minimum dicut size <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_159_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="11" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>τ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which can be found in polynomial time as well. The existence of nowhere-zero circular <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_159_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="26" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\frac{2p+1}{p}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>p</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-flows in 6<i>p</i>-edge-connected graphs (Lovász et al. 2013) directly leads to the existence of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_159_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="33" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left\lfloor \frac{\tau p}{2p+1}\right\rfloor \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close="⌋" open="⌊"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>τ</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>p</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> disjoint dijoins in a digraph with minimum dicut size <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_159_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="11" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>τ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> whose underlying undirected graph is 6<i>p</i>-edge-connected. We also discuss reformulations of Woodall’s conjecture into packing strongly connected orientations.</p>

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Approximately Packing Dijoins via Nowhere-Zero Flows

  • Gérard Cornuéjols,
  • Siyue Liu,
  • R. Ravi

摘要

In a digraph, a dicut is a cut where all the arcs cross in one direction. A dijoin is a subset of arcs that intersects each dicut. Woodall conjectured in 1976 that in every digraph, the minimum size of a dicut equals to the maximum number of disjoint dijoins. However, prior to our work, it was not even known whether at least 3 disjoint dijoins exist in an arbitrary digraph whose minimum dicut size is sufficiently large. By building connections with nowhere-zero (circular) k-flows, we prove that every digraph with minimum dicut size \(\tau \) τ contains \(\left\lfloor \frac{\tau }{k}\right\rfloor \) τ k disjoint dijoins if the underlying undirected graph admits a nowhere-zero (circular) k-flow. The existence of nowhere-zero 6-flows in 2-edge-connected graphs (Seymour 1981) directly leads to the existence of \(\left\lfloor \frac{\tau }{6}\right\rfloor \) τ 6 disjoint dijoins in a digraph with minimum dicut size \(\tau \) τ , which can be found in polynomial time as well. The existence of nowhere-zero circular \(\frac{2p+1}{p}\) 2 p + 1 p -flows in 6p-edge-connected graphs (Lovász et al. 2013) directly leads to the existence of \(\left\lfloor \frac{\tau p}{2p+1}\right\rfloor \) τ p 2 p + 1 disjoint dijoins in a digraph with minimum dicut size \(\tau \) τ whose underlying undirected graph is 6p-edge-connected. We also discuss reformulations of Woodall’s conjecture into packing strongly connected orientations.