<p>Suppose that <i>k</i> is a function of <i>n</i> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="MediaObjects/493_2025_156_IEq1_HTML.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="120" Type="Linedraw" Width="54" /> </InlineMediaObject> </InlineEquation>. We show that with probability <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_156_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="83" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1-O(1/n)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, a uniformly random <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_156_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k\times n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> Latin rectangle contains no proper Latin subsquare of order 4 or more, proving a conjecture of Divoux, Kelly, Kennedy and Sidhu. We also show that the expected number of subsquares of order 3 is bounded and find that the expected number of subsquares of order 2 is <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_156_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="43" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="134" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left( {\begin{array}{c}k\\ 2\end{array}}\right) (1/2+o(1))\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>k</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mrow /> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>o</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_156_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="46" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k\leqslant n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>⩽</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Subsquares in Random Latin Rectangles

  • Jack Allsop,
  • Ian M. Wanless

摘要

Suppose that k is a function of n and . We show that with probability \(1-O(1/n)\) 1 - O ( 1 / n ) , a uniformly random \(k\times n\) k × n Latin rectangle contains no proper Latin subsquare of order 4 or more, proving a conjecture of Divoux, Kelly, Kennedy and Sidhu. We also show that the expected number of subsquares of order 3 is bounded and find that the expected number of subsquares of order 2 is \(\left( {\begin{array}{c}k\\ 2\end{array}}\right) (1/2+o(1))\) k 2 ( 1 / 2 + o ( 1 ) ) for all \(k\leqslant n\) k n .