<p>In this paper, we investigate the hypergraph Turán number <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_146_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="26" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="78" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{ex}(n,K^{(r)}_{s,t})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>ex</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msubsup> <mi>K</mi> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Here, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_146_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="26" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="32" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(K^{(r)}_{s,t}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi>K</mi> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denotes the <i>r</i>-uniform hypergraph with vertex set <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_146_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="103" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left( \cup _{i\in [t]}X_i\right) \cup Y\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mo>∪</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mfenced> <mo>∪</mo> <mi>Y</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and edge set <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_146_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="193" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{X_i\cup \{y\}: i\in [t], y\in Y\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>∪</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>Y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_146_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="111" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(X_1,X_2,\cdots ,X_t\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are <i>t</i> pairwise disjoint sets of size <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_146_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r-1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <i>Y</i> is a set of size <i>s</i> disjoint from each <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_146_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(X_i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. This study was initially explored by Erdős and has since received substantial attention in research. Recent advancements by Bradač, Gishboliner, Janzer and Sudakov have greatly contributed to a better understanding of this problem. They proved that <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_146_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="26" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="184" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{ex}(n,K_{s,t}^{(r)})=O_{s,t}(n^{r-\frac{1}{s-1}})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>ex</mtext> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msubsup> <mi>K</mi> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> holds for any <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_146_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r\ge 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_146_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="54" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(s,t\ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. They also provided constructions illustrating the tightness of this bound if <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_146_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r\ge 4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is <i>even</i> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_146_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="73" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t\gg s\ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>≫</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Furthermore, they proved that <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_146_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="26" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="204" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{ex}(n,K_{s,t}^{(3)})=O_{s,t}(n^{3-\frac{1}{s-1}-\varepsilon _s})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>ex</mtext> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msubsup> <mi>K</mi> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> holds for <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_146_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(s\ge 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and some <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_146_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="45" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\epsilon _s&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Addressing this intriguing discrepancy between the behavior of this number for <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_146_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r=3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the even cases, Bradač et al. post a question of whether <Equation ID="Equ8"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2025_146_Article_Equ8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="27" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="477" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \textrm{ex}(n,K_{s,t}^{(r)})= O_{r,s,t}(n^{r-\frac{1}{s-1}- \varepsilon }) \text{ holds } \text{ for } \text{ odd } r\ge 5 \text{ and } \text{ any } s\ge 3\text{. } \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mtext>ex</mtext> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msubsup> <mi>K</mi> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mi>ε</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>holds</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>for</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>odd</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi>r</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>and</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>any</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi>s</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mtext>.</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>In this paper, we provide an affirmative answer to this question, utilizing novel techniques to identify regular and dense substructures. This result highlights a rare instance in hypergraph Turán problems where the solution depends on the parity of the uniformity.</p>

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A Hypergraph Bipartite Turán Problem with Odd Uniformity

  • Jie Ma,
  • Tianchi Yang

摘要

In this paper, we investigate the hypergraph Turán number \(\textrm{ex}(n,K^{(r)}_{s,t})\) ex ( n , K s , t ( r ) ) . Here, \(K^{(r)}_{s,t}\) K s , t ( r ) denotes the r-uniform hypergraph with vertex set \(\left( \cup _{i\in [t]}X_i\right) \cup Y\) i [ t ] X i Y and edge set \(\{X_i\cup \{y\}: i\in [t], y\in Y\}\) { X i { y } : i [ t ] , y Y } , where \(X_1,X_2,\cdots ,X_t\) X 1 , X 2 , , X t are t pairwise disjoint sets of size \(r-1\) r - 1 and Y is a set of size s disjoint from each \(X_i\) X i . This study was initially explored by Erdős and has since received substantial attention in research. Recent advancements by Bradač, Gishboliner, Janzer and Sudakov have greatly contributed to a better understanding of this problem. They proved that \(\textrm{ex}(n,K_{s,t}^{(r)})=O_{s,t}(n^{r-\frac{1}{s-1}})\) ex ( n , K s , t ( r ) ) = O s , t ( n r - 1 s - 1 ) holds for any \(r\ge 3\) r 3 and \(s,t\ge 2\) s , t 2 . They also provided constructions illustrating the tightness of this bound if \(r\ge 4\) r 4 is even and \(t\gg s\ge 2\) t s 2 . Furthermore, they proved that \(\textrm{ex}(n,K_{s,t}^{(3)})=O_{s,t}(n^{3-\frac{1}{s-1}-\varepsilon _s})\) ex ( n , K s , t ( 3 ) ) = O s , t ( n 3 - 1 s - 1 - ε s ) holds for \(s\ge 3\) s 3 and some \(\epsilon _s>0\) ϵ s > 0 . Addressing this intriguing discrepancy between the behavior of this number for \(r=3\) r = 3 and the even cases, Bradač et al. post a question of whether \(\begin{aligned} \textrm{ex}(n,K_{s,t}^{(r)})= O_{r,s,t}(n^{r-\frac{1}{s-1}- \varepsilon }) \text{ holds } \text{ for } \text{ odd } r\ge 5 \text{ and } \text{ any } s\ge 3\text{. } \end{aligned}\) ex ( n , K s , t ( r ) ) = O r , s , t ( n r - 1 s - 1 - ε ) holds for odd r 5 and any s 3 . In this paper, we provide an affirmative answer to this question, utilizing novel techniques to identify regular and dense substructures. This result highlights a rare instance in hypergraph Turán problems where the solution depends on the parity of the uniformity.