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<p>This study investigates the annual variation of energy balance components in a tropical rice paddy ecosystem located in eastern India from 2017 to 2020. The primary components analyzed include sensible heat flux (H), latent heat flux (LE), net radiation (Rn) and soil heat flux, using an eddy covariance system. The results revealed significant diurnal and seasonal fluctuations, with maximum sensible heat observed at 56.33 W m<sup>−2</sup> and maximum latent heat reaching 238.03 W m<sup>−2</sup> during peak growth periods. Ordinary least squares (OLS), energy balance ratio (EBR) and residual heat flux (RHF) methods were used to assess energy balance closure. The OLS analysis indicated a higher coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) in dry seasons compared to wet seasons, reflecting more efficient energy closure. The EBR demonstrated consistently higher values during dry seasons, with the highest mean value of 0.77. Conversely, the RHF analysis indicated greater heat flux partitioning into sensible heat during dry conditions. These findings highlight the impact of climatic variability on energy exchange processes in rice paddies, emphasizing the importance of understanding energy partitioning for sustainable agricultural practices. The study provides valuable insights into the energy dynamics of tropical rice-rice agroecosystems and contributes to improved energy closure models of surface-atmosphere interactions.</p>

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Assessing energy fluxes of lowland rice fields using four-year eddy covariance data

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Dibyendu Chatterjee,
  • Abhijit Pradhan,
  • Chinmaya Kumar Swain,
  • Rounak Alam,
  • Rahul Tripathi,
  • Pratap Bhattacharyya

摘要

This study investigates the annual variation of energy balance components in a tropical rice paddy ecosystem located in eastern India from 2017 to 2020. The primary components analyzed include sensible heat flux (H), latent heat flux (LE), net radiation (Rn) and soil heat flux, using an eddy covariance system. The results revealed significant diurnal and seasonal fluctuations, with maximum sensible heat observed at 56.33 W m−2 and maximum latent heat reaching 238.03 W m−2 during peak growth periods. Ordinary least squares (OLS), energy balance ratio (EBR) and residual heat flux (RHF) methods were used to assess energy balance closure. The OLS analysis indicated a higher coefficient of determination (R2) in dry seasons compared to wet seasons, reflecting more efficient energy closure. The EBR demonstrated consistently higher values during dry seasons, with the highest mean value of 0.77. Conversely, the RHF analysis indicated greater heat flux partitioning into sensible heat during dry conditions. These findings highlight the impact of climatic variability on energy exchange processes in rice paddies, emphasizing the importance of understanding energy partitioning for sustainable agricultural practices. The study provides valuable insights into the energy dynamics of tropical rice-rice agroecosystems and contributes to improved energy closure models of surface-atmosphere interactions.