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<p>In the present study, physiological, hematological, antioxidant and gene expression pattern were compared between Ladakhi cattle from cold arid Trans-Himalayan region of Leh-Ladakh and Sahiwal cattle from hot semi-arid environment in the state of Haryana. The physiological parameters like rectal temperature, respiration rate and skin temperature recorded in Ladakhi cattle were significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) on lower side as compared to Sahiwal cattle. High altitude adapted Ladakhi cattle recorded relatively higher values of hemoglobin (11.40 ± 0.25), red blood cells (6.81 ± 0.14), packed cell volume (34.8 ± 0.85), while lower values of lymphocyte (4091 ± 222) and white blood cells (8727 ± 229). In addition, Ladakhi cattle depicted significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) higher level of antioxidant capacity. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (240 ± 9), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (63.82 ± 1.32), reduced glutathione (GSH) (584.1 ± 31.11) values were significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) higher while malondialdehyde (MDA) (5.56 ± 0.27) was significantly lower in Ladakhi cattle. The hypoxia related genes such as <i>HIF1A (</i>1.56-fold<i>)</i>,<i> VEGFA</i> (2.47-fold), <i>VEGFB</i> (1.78-fold), <i>EPAS1</i> (2.11-fold), <i>HK2</i> (2.14-fold), <i>GLUT1</i> (5.84-fold), <i>ECE1</i> (1.95-fold), <i>NOS2</i> (2.39-fold) <i>GR-a</i> (1.94-fold), <i>GPx</i> (2.15-fold), <i>SOD</i> (2.86-fold) and <i>TNF-A</i> (2.30-fold) were expressed at significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) higher level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of high altitude adapted Ladakhi cattle. On the other hand, <i>HMOX1</i> (0.218-fold) and genes related to heat stress such as <i>HSP70</i> (0.370-fold), <i>HSP90</i> (0.155-fold) were expressed on significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) lower level in PBMCs of Ladakhi cattle in comparison to Sahiwal cattle. A panel of stable reference genes (<i>GAPDH</i>, <i>B2M</i> and <i>RPL4</i>) identified in the study were used to normalize the gene expression data. These findings suggest that high-altitude adapted Ladakhi cattle developed distinct physiological, hematological, antioxidant, and gene expression characteristics that enable them to survive and perform at hypobaric hypoxia environments of Leh-Ladakh.</p>

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Comparative evaluation of physio-hematological, antioxidant and hypoxia associated gene expression responses in cattle breeds adapted to hot semi-arid environment and cold Arid Trans-Himalayan region of Leh-Ladakh

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Manish Tiwari,
  • Monika Sodhi,
  • Prince Vivek,
  • Aman Jast,
  • Saket K Niranjan,
  • Ranjit S Kataria,
  • Vijay K Bharti,
  • Pawan Singh Dabbas,
  • Amarjeet,
  • Gayatri Gujar,
  • Preeti Verma,
  • Manishi Mukesh

摘要

In the present study, physiological, hematological, antioxidant and gene expression pattern were compared between Ladakhi cattle from cold arid Trans-Himalayan region of Leh-Ladakh and Sahiwal cattle from hot semi-arid environment in the state of Haryana. The physiological parameters like rectal temperature, respiration rate and skin temperature recorded in Ladakhi cattle were significantly (p < 0.05) on lower side as compared to Sahiwal cattle. High altitude adapted Ladakhi cattle recorded relatively higher values of hemoglobin (11.40 ± 0.25), red blood cells (6.81 ± 0.14), packed cell volume (34.8 ± 0.85), while lower values of lymphocyte (4091 ± 222) and white blood cells (8727 ± 229). In addition, Ladakhi cattle depicted significantly (p < 0.05) higher level of antioxidant capacity. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (240 ± 9), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (63.82 ± 1.32), reduced glutathione (GSH) (584.1 ± 31.11) values were significantly (p < 0.05) higher while malondialdehyde (MDA) (5.56 ± 0.27) was significantly lower in Ladakhi cattle. The hypoxia related genes such as HIF1A (1.56-fold), VEGFA (2.47-fold), VEGFB (1.78-fold), EPAS1 (2.11-fold), HK2 (2.14-fold), GLUT1 (5.84-fold), ECE1 (1.95-fold), NOS2 (2.39-fold) GR-a (1.94-fold), GPx (2.15-fold), SOD (2.86-fold) and TNF-A (2.30-fold) were expressed at significantly (p < 0.05) higher level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of high altitude adapted Ladakhi cattle. On the other hand, HMOX1 (0.218-fold) and genes related to heat stress such as HSP70 (0.370-fold), HSP90 (0.155-fold) were expressed on significantly (p < 0.05) lower level in PBMCs of Ladakhi cattle in comparison to Sahiwal cattle. A panel of stable reference genes (GAPDH, B2M and RPL4) identified in the study were used to normalize the gene expression data. These findings suggest that high-altitude adapted Ladakhi cattle developed distinct physiological, hematological, antioxidant, and gene expression characteristics that enable them to survive and perform at hypobaric hypoxia environments of Leh-Ladakh.