<p>Heat stress adversely impacts the physiological mechanisms responsible for thermoregulation and energy balance. To mitigate these effects, the current study was designed to evaluate the impact of microclimatic modifications on the performance and behavior of Murrah buffaloes during summer conditions. The study was conducted at the buffalo farm of the Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India, from August to October 2024. Eighteen lactating Murrah buffaloes were divided into three treatment groups (six animals per group) in a loose housing system: (T₁) concrete flooring with corrugated asbestos roofing (control); (T₂) concrete flooring with glass wool (50&#xa0;mm thickness) on the false ceiling and white paint on the upper side of the roof; and (T₃) concrete flooring with expanded polyethylene sheet (70&#xa0;mm thickness) on the ceiling and white paint on the upper side of the roof. The study was aimed at assessing the effect of microclimatic modifications on the THI, milk yield, Milk composition and economics of these microclimatic modifications. THI was significantly lower in both T₂ and T₃ treatments as compared to the control group. Milk yield, peak yield, 6% FCM, and lactose content were numerically higher in the T2 and T3 groups, although the differences were not statistically significant. Fat percentage, total solids, and protein of milk were significantly higher in modified shed groups. Economic analysis revealed that microclimatic modifications led to higher income and profit as compared to asbestos sheds. In conclusion, microclimatic modifications, particularly the application of glass wool and expanded polyethylene sheets along with white paint on the roof, significantly alleviated heat stress, improved thermal comfort, and enhanced overall productivity of lactating Murrah buffaloes.</p>