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<p>Global warming has significantly increased the frequency and intensity of heatwaves, posing serious threats to the health of middle-aged and elderly adults. Hypertension is a common chronic disease that is profoundly affected by extreme heat. However, spatial variations in its relationship with heatwave exposure remain insufficiently studied. This study aims to evaluate the impact of heatwaves on hypertension and investigate its spatial heterogeneity. Utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from the baseline year (2015) to follow-up year (2018), we included 7152 participants aged 45 and older. Average heatwave intensity was employed as the exposure metric. Global logistic regression (GLR) models assessed the association between heatwave exposure and hypertension risk. Geographically weighted logistic regression (GWLR) models were utilized to examine the spatial variations in this relationship. The results show that heatwave exposure increased hypertension risk by 9.7% (odds ratio (OR) = 1.097, 95% CI = 1.016–1.185, <i>P</i> = 0.018). The GWLR models revealed significantly higher hypertension risk in southern China compared to northern regions, with OR values ranging from 1.027 to 1.120. Key risk factors for hypertension include marital status (excluding married/cohabiting, OR: 0.993–1.105), uneducated individuals (OR: 1.083–1.138), overweight/obese individuals (OR: 1.293–1.420), and fasting blood glucose (OR: 1.071–1.114). Conversely, a higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is considered to be a protective factor (OR: 0.848–0.987). No significant geographic correlations were found between hypertension risk and gender, residence, smoking, or drinking. This study found a significant spatial heterogeneity association between heatwave exposure and increased hypertension risk among middle-aged and older adults in China. Our findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions, especially for high-risk populations during heatwaves.</p>

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Geographical specific association between heatwave intensity and the risk of new-onset hypertension among middle-aged and elderly adults

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月10日

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  • Honglong Chen,
  • Lingxin Bao,
  • Tingyan Wang,
  • Xiaojie Liu,
  • Wenqin Cai,
  • Yuexian Yao,
  • Zhongming Teng,
  • Xiaowei Zhang

摘要

Global warming has significantly increased the frequency and intensity of heatwaves, posing serious threats to the health of middle-aged and elderly adults. Hypertension is a common chronic disease that is profoundly affected by extreme heat. However, spatial variations in its relationship with heatwave exposure remain insufficiently studied. This study aims to evaluate the impact of heatwaves on hypertension and investigate its spatial heterogeneity. Utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from the baseline year (2015) to follow-up year (2018), we included 7152 participants aged 45 and older. Average heatwave intensity was employed as the exposure metric. Global logistic regression (GLR) models assessed the association between heatwave exposure and hypertension risk. Geographically weighted logistic regression (GWLR) models were utilized to examine the spatial variations in this relationship. The results show that heatwave exposure increased hypertension risk by 9.7% (odds ratio (OR) = 1.097, 95% CI = 1.016–1.185, P = 0.018). The GWLR models revealed significantly higher hypertension risk in southern China compared to northern regions, with OR values ranging from 1.027 to 1.120. Key risk factors for hypertension include marital status (excluding married/cohabiting, OR: 0.993–1.105), uneducated individuals (OR: 1.083–1.138), overweight/obese individuals (OR: 1.293–1.420), and fasting blood glucose (OR: 1.071–1.114). Conversely, a higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is considered to be a protective factor (OR: 0.848–0.987). No significant geographic correlations were found between hypertension risk and gender, residence, smoking, or drinking. This study found a significant spatial heterogeneity association between heatwave exposure and increased hypertension risk among middle-aged and older adults in China. Our findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions, especially for high-risk populations during heatwaves.