Medikamentöse Therapie der Trigeminusneuralgie

Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by severe, lightning-like attacks of pain, which are mandatory for the diagnosis. The pain typically occurs on one side and is often triggered by simply touching the face, chewing or talking. In acute exacerbations, this can also hinder food and fluid intake, resulting in a life-threatening clinical picture. A distinction is made between classical, secondary and idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. For the diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia, the medical history and imaging procedures are key for classification. The only active substances approved for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in Germany are carbamazepine and phenytoin, which is why off-label drugs often need to be used if there is no or insufficient effect or inacceptable side effects. Cooperation between research and clinical practice to improve the care of affected patients is therefore essential.